The characteristic of heat flux was analyzed during the conduction regime after a water droplet deposited onto hot surface at temperature bringing minimum evaporation time. A two-dimensional solution for estimating newly derived, in place existing one-dimensional one, when finite size liquid suddenly contacted high-temperature semi-infinite thick solid. estimated fluxes time point several mater...

Engineering electronic structure of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials is of great importance to their potential applications. In comparison to numerous other approaches, such as strain and chemical functionization, alloying can continuously tune the band gaps in a wide energy range. Atomically thin 2D alloys have been prepared and studied recently due to their potential use in elec...

We present extensive ab initio simulations of the molecular arrangements at the vapor/water interface, which provide valuable insights into the interface structure. In particular, the simulations address the controversy of whether there is a significant amount of nondonor configurations at this prototypical interface, using a novel Car-Parrinello-like ab initio molecular dynamics approach. The ...

Methanol could become a major automotive fuel in the U.S., and its use may result in increased exposure of the public to methanol vapor. Nearly all of the available information on methanol toxicity in humans relates to the consequences of acute, rather than chronic, exposures. Acute methanol toxicity evolves in a well-understood pattern and consists of an uncompensated metabolic acidosis with s...

Abstract Desalination of seawater with zero‐liquid discharge is a major challenge. Here we developed three‐dimensional “umbrella” architecture to evaporate hypersaline brines up 20 wt% using solar‐driven interfacial evaporation. By controlling the water pathway and thickness evaporator films manipulate salt capacitance system, stable evaporation rate >2.6 kg m −2 h −1 was achieved over 4‐day...

Numerous scientific and industrial situations require thermodynamic properties of gas mixtures containing water. Examples include the development of humidity standards (where the dominant correction is the nonideality of water in the vapor phase) and design calculations for the utilization of synthesis and combustion gases in advanced power-generation cycles. In many of these cases, the conditi...

We report an experimental demonstration of dual-channel all-optical wavelength conversion switching in hot Rb vapor. In a four-level atomic system, a coupling field and a pump field interact with both (87)Rb and (85)Rb isotopes simultaneously and facilitate the generation of two nonlinear signals when the probe field is applied to the corresponding transition. Each nonlinear signal is switched ...

The depressurization of a vessel containing saturated or subcooled liquid may occur in a variety of industrial processes and often poses a potentially hazardous situation. A numerical model was developed for estimating the thermodynamic and the dynamic state of the boiling liquid during a boiling liquid vapor explosion (BLEVE) event. The model allows calculation of bubble nucleation and growth ...

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