Grid-connected electric vehicles (GEVs) and energy-transportation nexus bring a bright prospect to improve the penetration of renewable energy economy microgrids (MGs). However, it is challenging determine optimal vehicle-to-grid (V2G) strategies due complex battery aging mechanism volatile MG states. This article develops novel online anti-aging management method for by using deep reinforcemen...

Combined plant/control optimization is applied to a PEM hybrid fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) for vehicle to grid (V2G) applications. The HFCV model is developed from past control-oriented models. For the purposes of design optimization, three components (fuel cell stack, compressor, and battery) are made scalable. To construct a control scheme suitable for combined plant/control design optimization,...

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a rapidly growing technology which can lower greenhouse-gas emissions in the transport and energy sectors. The EV batteries discharge stored back to grid, also known as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) support integration of variable distributed renewable generation. Previous research identified financial barriers implementation V2G, however, recent advancements battery present...

This article presents the results of a quantitative survey conducted on 4000 electric energy consumers in Spain, France, Italy, and Denmark. The demonstrate differences effects additional remuneration for using vehicle-to-grid (V2G) stations, depending users’ reasons saving electricity. Individuals with extrinsic financial motivations are sensitive to such incentives; higher is, more willingnes...

Over the past decade, there has been a great interest in changeover from cars powered by gasoline to electric vehicles, both within automotive industry and among customers. The vehicle–grid (V2G) technology is noteworthy innovation that enables battery of an vehicle during idling conditions or parked can function as energy source store release whenever required. This results exchange between gr...

With the widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs), potential to utilize them as flexible resources has increased. However, existing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) studies have focused on V2G operation methods. The operational performance is limited by amount availability resources, which represents flexibility. This study proposes a data-driven modeling method estimate A charging station control point ...

In this paper, a quantitative model is implemented with the main goal of building decision support tool to assess feasibility applying Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) service by company operating fleet electric buses. The proposed can calculate energy that vehicle within depot deliver back grid during periods peak demand, based on operational schedule must be guaranteed (number buses in service). After p...

One of the key aspects vehicle-to-grid technology (V2G) is analysis uncertainty in electric vehicle user behavior. Correct estimation amount available energy from vehicles that are expected to provide ancillary services electricity system operator or secure end user’s demand essential design these an appropriate way. Therefore, it necessary analyze probabilities V2G service performance for diff...

The expanding Electric Vehicle (EV) market presents a new opportunity for electric vehicles to deliver wide range of valuable grid services. Indeed, the emerging Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology with bi-directional flow power provides access mobile energy storage demand response, frequency regulation and balancing local distribution system. This reduces electricity costs at peak hours can be pr...