A critical part of any risk assessment is identifying how to represent exposure to the risk involved. Recent research shows that the relationship between crash count and traffic volume is non-linear; consequently, a simple crash rate computed as the ratio of crash count to volume is not proper for comparing the safety of sites with different traffic volumes. To solve this problem, we describe a...

steering assist system controls the force transfer behavior of the steering system and improves the steering probability of the vehicle. moreover, it is an interface between the diver and vehicle. fault detection in electrical assisted steering systems is a challenging problem due to frequently use of these systems. this paper addresses the fault detection and reconstruction in automotive elect...

Biopharmaceuticals, such as proteins and DNA, have demonstrated their potential to prevent and cure diseases. The success of such therapeutic agents hinges upon their ability to cross complex barriers in the body and reach their target intact. In order to reap the full benefits of these therapeutic agents, a delivery vehicle capable of delivering cargo to all cell types, both phagocytic and non...

In this paper, a capacitated vehicle routing problem is discussed which occurs in the context of glass waste collection. Supplies of several different product types (glass of different colors) are available at customer locations. The supplies have to be picked up at their locations and moved to a central depot at minimum cost. Different product types may be transported on the same vehicle, howe...

Most highly motorized countries in the world have implemented different speed limits for light weight and heavy weight vehicles. The heavy vehicle speed limit is usually chosen to be lower than that of passenger cars due to the difficulty for the drivers to safely maneuver the heavy vehicle at high speed and greater impact during a crash. However, in many cases, the speed limit for heavy vehicl...

Modern vehicles are increasingly capable of reporting location and status information in real time using GPSenabled on-board telemetry boxes which connect directly into a vehicle’s control and diagnostic systems. We perform an exploratory analysis of such data obtained from a vehicle operating in a large UK urban area. The primary objective is to devise informative summary statistics that allow...

Studies have shown that various objects, such as utensils, toys, and clothes, can serve as vehicles for transmission of Shigella spp. Shigellae can become viable but non-culturable (VBNC) when exposed to various environmental conditions as shown in earlier studies. The present study was carried out to detect VBNC Shigella dysenteriae type 1 on various fomites by direct viable counting, polymera...

in addition to increment of the vehicle sprung mass, the main physical effects of addition of cng tank to the vehicle are the longitudinal and height displacement of center of gravity, which have the most influences on the handling, braking, roll stability and spin stability of the vehicle. increment of cng tank mass to the sprung mass of the vehicle increases the vehicle under-steer gradient, ...

Traffic conflict technology (TCT) is widely used to assess the safety of work zones. The current TCT temporal and (or) spatial proximity defined based, which can only detect two-vehicle or multi-vehicle conflicts, not competent for single-vehicle conflicts. However, accidents in zones are also severe. This study proposes a detection method all types traffic conflicts Based on vehicle micro-beha...

The scope of nonlicensed vehicles includes electrically powered wheelchairs, golf-cart-type vehicles, a variety of multifunctional devices, and some gasoline-engine-powered vehicles . Until several years ago, the standard nonlicensed powered vehicle was the Everest & Jennings "34" Power Drive Wheelchair (Fig . 1) . This unit has been directed to institutions and general indoor environments wher...