As scientists and engineers, we make sense of the world around us through observation and experimentation. Using mathematics, we attempt to describe our observations and make useful predictions based on these observations. For example, a simple experimental observation that the distance traversed by an object traveling at a constant velocity is linearly related to both the velocity and the time...

The application of tomographic techniques for the study of vector fields has been demonstrated only in the last few years. We show its potential for remote sensing of plasma vector fields such as the fluid velocity v and the magnetic field B using Doppler and Zeeman spectroscopy. Simulations suggest the possibility of time-resolved reconstruction of ion velocity flow fields and poloidal magneti...

We study the collision of two orthogonally polarized and equal-amplitude vector solitons in the nonintegrable coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations. We show that the separation velocity versus collision velocity graph has a fractal structure. When we zoom into this graph, we get a structure qualitatively identical to the original one. In addition, collision dynamics in the zoomed-in windows i...

In this chapter, a Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Session Key Generation for wireless communication (PSOSKG) is proposed. This cryptographic technique is solely based on the behavior of the particle swarm. Here, particle and velocity vector are formed for generation of keystream by setting up the maximum dimension of each particle and velocity vector. Each particle position and probability v...

The limiting velocity in open channels to prevent long-term sedimentation is predicted in this paper using a powerful soft computing technique known as Extreme Learning Machines (ELM). The ELM is a single Layer Feed-forward Neural Network (SLFNN) with a high level of training speed. The dimensionless parameter of limiting velocity which is known as the densimetric Froude number (Fr) is predicte...

In this article we analyze the motion of 3-D objects either in terms of image contours or intensity gradients. We make the assumption that the objects viewed are locally rigid and planar. We suppose that the projection is perspective and use the "perspective" velocity vector, which has been introduced by G.L.Scott. We give spatial relations on the "perspective" velocity field both in the case o...

Entropy generation of double diffusive natural convection in a three dimensional differentially heated enclosure has been performed numerically. Vertical walls of enclosure are heated differentially and remaining walls are adiabatic. The obtained results were presented via iso-concentration, iso-temperatures, velocity vector projection, particle trajectories, velocity profiles, iso-entropy, loc...