background: application noninvasive ventilation in the patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) reduced mortality. this case-control study was designed to compare efficiency and outcome of non-invasive (niv) versus invasive positive pressure ventilation (ippv) in respiratory failure due to copd methods: the patients were assigned to niv or ippv intermittantly.t...

The comprehensive syntax of iStar modeling language allows requirements analysts to clearly capture stakeholder’s needs, as well as dependencies among stakeholders. However, such iStar models cannot be automatically laid out using typical layout algorithms, such as hierarchical layout and circular layout. Thus, constructing and adjusting iStar models are laborious tasks, especially when dealing...

Three different techniques for simulating realistic faults generated from IC layout are discussed. Two of them deal with bridging faults, and the third one handles crosstalk faults. The simulation is performed on top of a commercial simulator and thus is very well applicable in an industrial environment. No change of the design database and only minimal changes of the test shell are required. E...

in this paper, a mixed-integer linearized programming (minlp) model is presented to design a group layout (gl) of a cellular manufacturing system (cms) in a dynamic environment with considering production planning (pp) decisions. this model incorporates with an extensive coverage of important manufacturing features used in the design of cmss. there are also some features that make the presented...

Quality of a layout has the most direct impact in the manufacturability of a design. Traditionally, layout quality is ensured in the first order by design rules, i.e. if a layout is free of design rules violation, it is a good layout. It is assumed such a layout will be fabricated to specification. Moreover, a design rule clean layout also ensures the electrical performance of the circuit it re...

conclusions according to the results of our study, neck collar fixation has no effect on ventilation in multiple trauma patients. results this study involved 163 multiple trauma patients. of these, 65% were male. the mean of end tidal carbon dioxide (etco2) of the patients without neck collars was 34.62 ± 4.46 and the mean etco2 of the patients with neck collars was 34.21 ± 2.31. there was no s...

background: endotracheal or tracheostomy tube in mechanically ventilated patients disturb verbal communication with others. therefore, patients are frustrated of requesting for their needs or problems related to artificial breathing. therefore investigating self-experiences of these patients can be applied in providing them with a better care by clinical personnel. methods: this is a qualitativ...