Intra-specific variation in host-plant quality affects herbivore foraging decisions and, in turn, herbivore foraging decisions mediate plant fitness. In particular, variation in defenses against herbivores, both among and within plants, shapes herbivore behavior. If variation in defenses is genetically based, it can respond to natural selection by herbivores. We quantified intra-specific variat...

BACKGROUND Verbascum thapsus is used in tribal medicine as an antispasmodic, anti-tubercular agent and wormicide. In this study, we investigated the antispasmodic and anthelmintic activities of crude aqueous methanolic extract of the plant. METHODS V. thapsus extracts were tested against roundworms (Ascaridia galli) and tapeworms (Raillietina spiralis). Each species of worm was placed into a ...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are associated with almost all plants in nature and are ubiquitous. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi status of 10 wild herb and shrub was investigated during winter and summer season in Pine forest of himalaya(HP). The herbs and shrubs investigated for studied are: Reinwardtia indica, Berberis lycium, Viola serpens,Taraxacum officinale, Caryopteris wallichiana...

Verbascum × aytachii nothosp. nov. H. Duman & Uzunh. (sect. Bothrospermae) is described and illustrated as a new natural hybrid from the Orhaneli (Bursa Region) area in Western Anatolia, Turkey. This species identified to have some intermediate morphological palynological characteristics that place it between parents which are V. ekicii basivelatum. A comprehensive description, ecology, distrib...

Ongoing changes in Earth's climate are shifting the elevation ranges of many plant species with non-native species often experiencing greater expansion into higher elevations than native species. These climate change-induced shifts in distributions inevitably expose plants to novel biotic and abiotic environments, including altered solar ultraviolet (UV)-B (280-315 nm) radiation regimes. Do the...