Several different endocytic pathways have been proposed to function in mammalian cells. Clathrin-coated pits are well defined, but the identity, mechanism and function of alternative pathways have been controversial. Here we apply universal chemical labelling of plasma membrane proteins to define all primary endocytic vesicles, and labelling of specific proteins with a reducible SNAP-tag substr...

Triple junctions (TJs) are the lines where three grains or grain boundaries meet and become increasingly important in nanocrystalline materials where they have a high areal number density and occupy a significant fraction of the total volume of the material. Surface pits are associated with TJs, just as surface grooves are associated with grain boundaries, and these pits may have particularly d...

LiDAR canopy height models (CHMs) can exhibit unnatural looking holes or pits, i.e., pixels with a much lower digital number than their immediate neighbors. These artifacts may be caused by a combination of factors, from data acquisition to post-processing, that not only result in a noisy appearance to the CHM but may also limit semi-automated tree-crown delineation and lead to errors in biomas...

The unicellular conifer tracheid should have greater flow resistance per length (resistivity) than the multicellular angiosperm vessel, because its high-resistance end-walls are closer together. However, tracheids and vessels had comparable resistivities for the same diameter, despite tracheids being over 10 times shorter. End-wall pits of tracheids averaged 59 times lower flow resistance on an...

Corrosion surface damage in the form of pitting and micro-cracks is observed in many metals. Cracks usually initiate from the pits and grow under cyclic stresses and eventually lead to material failure. An image analysis based on wavelet transforms and fractals was used to study the corrosion morphology of nickel aluminum bronze metal under varying corrosion conditions and applied stresses. Ima...

Terrace gardening or rooftop is becoming popular in urban and peri-urban areas of metro cities worldwide including India. Among various crops suitable for growing terrace garden, strawberry a one as being an important annual herbaceous plant with delicious fruits which can be easily grown pots containers grow bags filled different pottingsubstrates. In the present study, combinations soil, orga...

We report a means to detect deeply subwavelength pits in optical data-storage media by employing the recently observed giant backscattering perturbation phenomenon of the photonic jet. We conducted microwave experiments with dimensionally scaled-up pits and lands in a simulated optical data-storage device. These measurements were backed up by three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain comp...

In this article, a simple and cost-effective method to create patterned nanoindentations on Al surface via mold-assisted chemical etching process is demonstrated. This report shows the reaction-diffusion method which formed nanoscale shallow etch pits by the absorption/liberation behaviors of chemical etchant in poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp. During subsequent anodization, it was possible to obt...