IN late medieval England, the number of persons literate in the vernacular was growing rapidly.' The same interest in self-improvement which led these people to learn to read also led them to seek out, or to sponsor the production of, works that would make available to them knowledge from both antique and earlier medieval sources knowledge to which as yet, for the most part, only those who coul...

A shape grammar, which can exemplify and visually explain the style of Taiwanese traditional vernacular dwellings, is presented in the form of rules of composition that are derived from considerations of traditional processes of design and construction, and from cultural influences. Taiwanese traditional architecture Taiwanese architecture is a branch of Chinese architecture with distinct pecul...

Climate change and the continuing increase in human population creates a growing need to tackle urban stormwater problems. One promising mitigation option is by using nature-based solutions (NBS) – especially sustainable management technologies that are key elements of NBS action. We used synthesis approach compile available information about retention capacity most common drainage systems (SUD...

The most widely employed industrial process for producing alumina (Bayer process) involves the dissolution of available aluminium hydroxide minerals present in raw bauxite into high temperature sodium hydroxide solutions. On cooling of the solution, or liquor in the industrial vernacular, Al is precipitated from solution in the form of gibbsite (Al(OH)3). In order to optimise the process, a det...