Tracing across the complex histories of dominions and influences converging on Caribbean territories, this paper examines certain common historic threads that persisted into contemporary cultural landscape its architecture. As largest English island, Jamaica had one hundred sixty-one years (1494–1655) Spanish governance; in Lesser Antilles, Trinidad two ninety-nine (1498–1797). Drawing evidence...

According to IPCC report 2013, the role of man in environmental catastrophe is incontrovertible because of high greenhouse emission in now and recent century. Buildings nearly discharge one third of these pollutants and the task of architects to prevent this hazardous procedure is critical. On the other hand, one main basis of sustainability is education in order to preserve environment and the...

The traditional architecture of Central Asia and the Middle East is the product of land, the local climate, and people’s culture. The human needs and the environment represented the most essential factors to be considered in their designs. The traditional and vernacular architecture of this region introduced many realistic solutions and devices to the local environmental problems such as the Wi...