After a short description of the physical phenomena involved, unified expressions are worked out describing net airflow and net heat flow through large vertical openings between stratified zones. These formulae are based on those of Cockroft for bidirectional flow, but are more general in the sense that they apply to situations of unidirectional flow as well. The expressions are compatible with...

In this paper, we address the problem of estimating and visualizing 3D atmospheric motion using top of cloud pressure image sequences. The reconstruction of 3D fluid motion from a monocular sequence of image observations is a very challenging problem for which no solution exists in the literature. Based on a physically sound vertical decomposition of the atmosphere into layers of different pres...

A three-dimensional unilateral contact problem for articular cartilage layers attached to subchondral bones shaped as elliptic paraboloids is considered in the framework of the biphasic cartilage model. The main novelty of the study is in accounting not only for the normal (vertical), but also for tangential vertical (horisontal) displacements of the contacting surfaces. Exact general relations...

Superior canal dehiscence syndrome is a newly recognized syndrome characterized by vertigo and nystagmus induced by sound (Tullio phenomenon) or changes of middle ear (Hennebert sign) or intracranial pressure. We report on a patient with bilateral superior canal dehiscence syndrome who presented with unusual manifestations including pulse-synchronous vertical pendular nystagmus and Valsalva-ind...

Context. The vertical thickness of debris discs is often used as a measure of these systems’ dynamical excitation, and as clues to the presence of hidden massive perturbers such as planetary embryos. However, this argument might be flawed because the observed dust should be naturally placed on inclined orbits by the combined effect of radiation pressure and mutual collisions. Aims. We criticall...

The forest canopy offers a vertical gradient across which variation in predation pressure implies variation in refuge quality for arthropods. Direct and indirect experimental approaches were combined to assess whether canopy strata differ in ability to offer refuge to various arthropod groups. Vertical heterogeneity in impact of avian predators was quantified using exclosure cages in the unders...

We use numerical simulations of turbulent, multiphase, self-gravitating gas orbiting in the disks of model galaxies to study the relationships among pressure, the vertical distribution of gas, and the relative proportions of dense and diffuse gas. A common assumption is that the interstellar medium (ISM) is in vertical hydrostatic equilibrium. We show that the disk height and mean midplane pres...

Solutions are obtained for convective regions in a continuously stratified, linearized primitive equation model using a smoothly posed moist convective adjustment parameterization of cumulus convection. In the approximation in which the convective adjustment time is fast compared to other processes, the vertical structure of the temperature field is constrained to be close to the quasi-equilibr...