Imidazole molecules were frequently incorporated into porous materials to improve their proton conductivity. To investigate how different arrangements of imidazoles in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) affect the overall proton conduction, we designed and prepared a MOF-based model system. It includes an Fe-MOF as the blank, an imidazole@Fe-MOF (Im@Fe-MOF) with physically adsorbed imidazole, and ...

This chapter is about how early warnings in the 1950s and 1960s concerning the short-term harm of vinyl chloride (VC) to the skin and bones of workers, and to the livers of laboratory animals, were initially hidden from other workers and regulators. This was despite some early misgivings by company experts whose advice was initially ignored by their employers. This pattern was repeated when the...

Yoshioka, Yoshichika, Hiroshi Oikawa, Shigeru Ehara, Takashi Inoue, Akira Ogawa, Yoshiyuki Kanbara, and Manabu Kubokawa. Noninvasive measurement of temperature and fractional dissociation of imidazole in human lower leg muscles using H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Appl Physiol 98: 282–287, 2005. First published September 24, 2004; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol. 00437.2004.—The temperat...

The chemical structural differences distinguishing chlorophylls in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms are either formyl substitution (chlorophyll b, d, and f) or the degree of unsaturation (8-vinyl chlorophyll a and b) of a side chain of the macrocycle compared with chlorophyll a. We conducted an investigation of the conversion of vinyl to formyl groups among naturally occurring chlorophylls. We...

Recent results in the chemistry of disubstituted carbenium ions (vinyl cations and phenyl cations) are described separately under three different sections: From kinetic and solvolytic data of several 1—cyclobutenyl nonaflates, the intermediacy of a non-classical vinyl cation, namely the 1-cyclobutenyl cation 2 is established. Cycloaddition reactions of solvolytically generated vinyl cations wit...

Recently initiated studies concerning surfacemodifications of poly(dimethylsiloxanes) usingmicrowave plasmonswere extended to polyurethane (PU) surfaces. However,when the same experimental conditions used in the closed and open flowmicrowave plasma reactorswere applied, no chemical bonding of imidazole molecules to PU surfaces was detected. In order to facilitate the imidazole-urethane surface ...

We address an original statistical method for unsupervised identification and concentration estimation of spectrally interfering gas components of unknown nature and number. We show that such spectral unmixing can be efficiently achieved using information criteria derived from the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle, outperforming standard information criteria such as AICc or BIC. In the...

Detailed simulations are reported for the coupled dynamics of electrons and nuclei in the isomerization reaction of cis-stilbene stimulated by laser excitation. The results demonstrate that, in addition to the traditional vinyl and vinyl– phenyl torsions, the HCCH torsional coordinate of the vinyl group also makes a significant contribution to the HOMO and LUMO couplings that yield nonradiative...

Consideration of needs for public health interventions and new research requires comparative assessments of the health benefits that are likely to result from alternative uses of limited regulatory and technical resources. This paper briefly examines regulatory and research priorities in the light of recent information on the carcinogenic hazards of vinyl chloride and alkyl and vinyl halides re...