• Iran's water scarcity led to a type of sustainable proto-industrialization. Virtual is the embedded in production particular commodity. weaned political economy from irrigated agriculture. Today's Iran can survive crisis by reinstating same model virtual water. This article aims show that has historically been an adaptation strategy enabled some arid regions develop prosperous without putting...

the subject under investigation has been electronic learning (e-learning) or electronic education (e-education), specifically concentrating on virtual university. virtual university has been the subject of much debate in recent years. in short, the concept of virtual university denotes a learning/educational system/environment based on internet where higher education is promoted using tools and...