Small RNAs (sRNA), including microRNAs (miRNA) and small interfering RNAs (siRNA), are produced abundantly in plants and animals and function in regulating gene expression or in defense against virus or viroid infection. Analysis of siRNA profiles upon virus infection in plant may allow for virus identification, strain differentiation, and de novo assembly of virus genomes. In the present study...

Objective(s) The aim of this study was to characterize the hepatitis B virus surface protein genotypes and sequence variations among hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) positive chronic patients in Hormozgan province, south of Iran. Materials and Methods A total of 8 patients enrolled in this study. The surface gene was amplified and directly sequenced. Genotypes and nucleotide/amino a...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped pararetrovirus with a DNA genome, which is found in an up to 36 nm-measuring capsid. Replication of the genome occurs via an RNA intermediate, which is synthesized in the nucleus. The virus must have thus ways of transporting its DNA genome into this compartment. This review summarizes the data on hepatitis B virus genome transport and correlates the find...

We report the complete genome sequence of the Embu virus. The genome consists of 185,139 bp and is nearly identical to that of the Cotia virus. This is the first report on the Embu virus genome sequence, which has been considered an unclassified poxvirus until now.

the present study was conducted on sixty healthy female domestic ruminants that suffered from still births or abortion, to find sero-positive cases and also to determine the probable role of uterine tissue in diagnosis of akabane viral infection and viral persistency. because of this, a serological test (elisa) and molecular (rt-pcr) diagnostic methods were used to find the seropositive cases a...

We report the complete genome sequence of a European genotype porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolated from swine in northern China in 2012. Genome alignment revealed that the virus (LNEU12) strain shares 90.1% nucleotide identity with the European prototype Lelystad virus. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of LNEU12.

measles virus (mv) is a highly contagious agent which causes a major health problem in developing countries. we studied the effect of buthionine sulfoximine (bso) on the replication of an aik-hdc strain of mv and its induced apoptosis in vero cell lines. methods: in this study, toxicity of bso on vero cells was investigated first, resulted in determination of sub-lethal or non-toxic concentrati...

objective: influenza virus a (h1n1) is an important subtype of the influenza respiratory viruses, which has important worldwide implications. hemagglutinin (ha), an important viral antigen, is responsible for binding to human cell receptors leading to an onset of the disease process. considering the critical role of viral attachment, this study focuses on the extraction and cloning of ha and it...

objective(s) recombinant adenoviruses are currently used for a variety of purposes, including in vitro gene transfer, in vivo vaccination, and gene therapy. ability to infect many cell types, high efficiency in gene transfer, entering both dividing and non dividing cells, and growing to high titers make this virus a good choice for using in various experiments. in the present experiment, a reco...

torque teno virus (ttv) is prevalent worldwide and has been extensively studied in human and some wild and domestic animals. as the studies on ttv in chickens was rare and there was no information about the infection of domestic village chickens with ttv and also structural resemblance of this virus to chicken anemia virus, the frequency of the infection in domestic village chickens in differen...