The biophysical properties of cytotoxic T lymphocytes during the killing of their target cells was investigated by using a human cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone, F1, and the target cell, JY, for which it is specific. In single cytotoxic cell/target cell pairs after their conjugation there are changes in the viscoelastic properties of the target cell in association with the lethal hit delivery and ...

Tendon functionality is related to its mechanical properties. Tendon damage leads to a reduction in mechanical strength and altered biomechanical behavior, and therefore leads to compromised ability to carry out normal functions such as joint movement and stabilization. Damage can also accumulate in the tissue and lead to failure. A noninvasive method with which to measure such damage potential...

We survey the field of micro-macro numerical techniques for predicting complex flows of viscoelastic fluids. The micro-macro approach couples the mesoscopic scale of kinetic theory to the macroscopic scale of continuum mechanics. A numerical solution is sought to the coupled non-linear problem involving the conservation laws and a microstructural model of kinetic theory. Although micro-macro te...

An entropic formulation of relativistic continuum mechanics is developed in the Landau-Lifshitz frame. We introduce two spatial scales, one being the small scale representing the linear size of each material particle and the other the large scale representing the linear size of a large system which consists of material particles and is to linearly regress to the equilibrium. We propose a local ...

The continuum mechanics of multilayered plates under initial stress is developed to include the case where some or all of the layers are constituted by thinly laminated materials with couple stresses. It is applicable to problems of buckling, dynamics and vibrations. This includes the evolution of viscoelastic creep buckling and vibration absorption. Results are obtained in two forms. One is de...

We present a numerical algorithm to simulate nonNewtonian ow in complex microdevice components. The model consists of continuum viscoelastic incompressible ow in irregular microscale geometries. Our numerical approach is the projection method of Bell, Colella and Glaz (BCG) to impose the incompressibility constraint coupled with the polymeric stress splitting discretization of Trebotich, Colell...

Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +81-45-503-9490. Fax: +81-45-503-9489. E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Equations of motion that recognize biochemical patterns are described. The equations are partial differential equations in a continuous multiple component system in which adequate initial and boundary conditions are given. The ...

Bone exhibits rate-dependent failure behavior, suggesting that viscoelasticity is a factor in the damage and fracture of bone. Microdamage initiates at scales below the macroscopic porosity in bone, and, as such, is affected by the intrinsic viscoelasticity of the bone tissue. The viscoelasticity of the bone tissue can be measured by nanoindentation and recording the creep behavior at constant ...