In this paper we describe a specialized Weighted Finite State Transducer (WFST) framework for handling class language models and dynamic vocabulary in automatic speech recognition. The proposed framework has several important features, a fused composition algorithm that substantially reduces the memory usage in comparison to generic WFST operations, and an efficient dynamic vocabulary scheme th...

Abstract Acquiring vocabulary, as a significant and challenging part of language learning process, has always been consistent with reading. In this study, the researchers examined the effect of enhanced extensive reading on EFL learners’ incidental acquisition of English vocabulary, with specific focus on phrasal verbs. Twenty five homogenized participants were selected and divided into two gro...

Abstract Acquiring vocabulary, as a significant and challenging part of language learning process, has always been consistent with reading. In this study, the researchers examined the effect of enhanced extensive reading on EFL learners’ incidental acquisition of English vocabulary, with specific focus on phrasal verbs. Twenty five homogenized participants were selected and divided into two gro...

This study is aimed at improving the students’ vocabulary achievement through anagram. was conducted by using classroom action research. The subject of this 2009/2010 ten grade students SMA Negeri 1 Pancur Batu which consisted 30 students. For collecting data, instrument used quantitative data (vocabulary test) and qualitative (diary notes, interview sheet observation sheet). Based on it found ...

Phonological awareness skills are critical for reading acquisition, yet relatively little is known about the origins of phonological awareness. This study investigates one plausible source of the emergence of phonological awareness, phonological neighbourhood density. As vocabulary grows, the number of similar-sounding words in the child's mental lexicon increases. This could create development...

No doubt that the scope of vocabulary in teaching/learning English is a primary goal. Dynamic Assessment (DA) serving as both instructional and evaluative device has opened new horizons for vocabulary teaching and assessment. This study, having taken the concept of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), will meticulously dig into mediated-oriented teaching and assessment. Accordingly, this study w...

This meta-analysis examines the effects of vocabulary interventions on pre-K and kindergarten children’s oral language development. The authors quantitatively reviewed 67 studies and 216 effect sizes to better understand the impact of training on word learning. Results indicated an overall effect size of .88, demonstrating, on average, a gain of nearly one standard deviation on vocabulary measu...

The present study was designed to intensify student vocabulary building through circle time in Early Childhood Education. All Government students district Lahore kindergarten school were the population of study. Multistage sampling technique used select 25 from target population. Researcher activities measured with participants. fundamental research question that guided intent identify highly e...

This study attempts to investigate whether a difference exists between learning vocabulary via animation and via traditional paper-based method. This small scale study was conducted at Karadeniz Technical University in academic year 2009-2010. Two pre-intermediate classes were randomly selected as the experimental group (n=17), and control group (n=22) as each class accommodated that number. Re...