Core@shell and concentration-gradient particles have attracted much attention as improved cathodes for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, most of their preparation routes have employed a precisely-controlled co-precipitation method. Here, we report a facile preparation route of core@shell and concentration-gradient spinel particles by dry powder processing. The core@shell particles composed of t...

A random noise-induced beam degradation that can affect intense beam transport over long propagation distances has been experimentally studied by making use of the transverse beam dynamics equivalence between an alternating-gradient (AG) focusing system and a linear Paul trap system. For the present studies, machine imperfections in the quadrupole focusing lattice are considered, which are emul...

The spin Hall effect allows the generation of spin current when charge current is passed along materials with large spin-orbit coupling. It has been recently predicted that heat current in a nonmagnetic metal can be converted into spin current via a process referred to as the spin Nernst effect. We report the observation of the spin Nernst effect in W. In W/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures, we find c...

An intriguing cell concept by applying proton-conducting oxide as the ionic conducting phase in the anode and taking advantage of beneficial interfacial reaction between anode and electrolyte is proposed to successfully achieve both high open circuit voltage (OCV) and power output for SOFCs with thin-film samarium doped ceria (SDC) electrolyte at temperatures higher than 600 °C. The fuel cells ...

This paper proposes new current mirror layout strategies to reduce the matching sensitivity to the linear parameter gradients. Effects of threshold gradients across a mirror on the matching characteristics of current mirrors are discussed. The performance of new and existing layouts are compared for threshold voltage gradients at arbitrary angles through the active area. Simulation results show...

Optical voltage transformers (OVTs) have been applied in power systems. When performing accuracy performance tests of OVTs large differences exist between the electromagnetic environment and the temperature variation in the laboratory and on-site. Therefore, OVTs may display different error characteristics under different conditions. In this paper, OVT prototypes with typical structures were se...

An analytical solution for a sandwich circular FGM plate coupled with piezoelectric layers under one-dimension heat conduction is presented in this paper. A nonlinear static problem is solved first to determine the initial stress state and pre-vibration deformations. By adding an incremental dynamic state to the pre-vibration state, the differential equations are derived. The role of thermal en...

The light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (BR) from Halobacterium salinarum is tightly regulated by the [H(+)] gradient and transmembrane potential. BR exhibits optoelectric properties, since spectral changes during the photocycle are kinetically controlled by voltage, which predestines BR for optical storage or processing devices. BR mutants with prolonged lifetime of the blue-shifted M i...