1National Tuberculosis Programme Manager, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq. 2Department of Community Medicine, Saddam College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq. 3Chest and Respiratory Diseases Institute, Baghdad, Iraq. ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was made of 500 patients and 500 health care workers randomly selected from 250 primary health care centres throughout Iraq to evaluate knowledge, atti...

What explains patterns of compliance with and resistance to autocratic rule? This paper provides a theoretical framework for understanding how individuals living under dictatorship calibrate their political behaviors. I argue that the types of non-compliance observed in autocratic contexts differ depending on the intensity of expected punishment and the extent to which sanctions are directed at...

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In the present research, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for prediction of surface runoff amounts catchment Al-Masad, in Western Desert Iraq. The period from September 2020 to January 2030. calibration verification this were performed according daily data that measured between 2010 2014. Statistical parameters employed determine performance model. These RSR (ratio root mean...

In Islamic history, horticulture had a prominent place in the Muslim era. The Arabs planted gardens Medina and Taif. this sense, were an important source of food trade. Leaving Arabia, when Islam reached Persia Syria Egypt Andalusia, kings rulers gardens. They not only encouraged farmers but also took personal interest. fruit trees abundantly mountainous desert areas. And canals dug, along thei...

Job challenges the theological milieu of retributive justice prevalent in NearEastern society by daring to ask the veritable question: can people deserve? This article examines the theories of desert, agency, and righteousness embedded within the Job manuscript. Bracketing the question of theodicy, this study utilizes contemporary philosophical, theological and exegetical considerations to exam...

O. Schmid, P. Artaxo, W. P. Arnott, D. Chand, L. V. Gatti, G. P. Frank, A. Hoffer, M. Schnaiter, and M. O. Andreae Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Department of Biogeochemistry, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany University of São Paulo, Institute of Physics, São Paulo, Brazil Desert Research Institute, Division of Atmospheric Science, Reno, NV, USA Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atmo...

Characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon during fall and winter of 2003 in Xi’an, China J. J. Cao, J. C. Chow, S. C. Lee, Y. Li, S. W. Chen, Z. S. An, K. Fung, J. G. Watson, C. S. Zhu, and S. X. Liu State Key Laboratory of Loess & Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075, China Desert Research Inst...

Modeling has played a crucial role in understanding the structural and functional dynamics of forest and grassland ecosystems in the past decades, but relatively few ecosystem models have been developed for deserts. Adapting an existing desert ecosystem model to new regions with different community components and environmental settings may testify to the generality of model applicability, furth...

John C. Priscu, Edward E. Adams, Hans W. Paerl, Christian H. Fritsen, John E. Dore, John T. Lisle, Craig F. Wolf and Jill A. Mikucki Addresses: John C. Priscu, Craig F. Wolf, Jill A. Mikucki. Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 Edward E. Adams. Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 ...