Mars is a dry planet with history of warm and wet environment. Hydrogen oxygen continuously escape from the unmagnetized planet. Although heavy ion rate in wake region low due to Mars' obstruction, there are reports events bursty enhanced escape. Here, we first find evidence Alfvenic dayside-produced plasma clouds accelerated by magnetic reconnection, which provides an explanation for mass obse...

Flapping wings continuously create and send vortices into their wake, while imparting downward momentum into the surrounding fluid. However, experimental studies concerning the details of the three-dimensional vorticity distribution and evolution in the far wake are limited. In this study, the three-dimensional vortex wake structure in both the near and far field of a dynamically scaled flappin...

Operating horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) generate large-scale wake structures that can have considerable impact on downwind turbines. A HAWT exposed to vortices from upwind turbines generally produces reduced power and experiences increased structural vibrations that cause disproportionally accelerated material fatigue. Numerical simulation of the turbulent flow field is a viable approach...

The reticular activating system is the part of the brain that maintains the sleep/wake cycle. Any damage to this region can cause hypersomnolence and drowsiness along with altered sensorium. This case presents a patient with cerebellar and midbrain stroke with infarct of the reticular activating system, leading to hypersomnolence, drowsiness, and altered sensorium.

The turbulent flow in the wake of a discontinuous cylinder (DC) was investigated. DC geometry consisted segments $5D$ long (with $D$ being diameter cylinder) separated by gaps width $2.5D$ . Particle image velocimetry and hot-wire anemometry were used to analyse at two Reynolds numbers, $Re = 4000$ $10\,000$ , for $x/D \le 180$ Large eddy simulations both infinite continuous (CC) wakes also car...

We studied the interaction between glucocorticoid (GC) level and sleep/wake state during memory consolidation. Recent research has accumulated evidence that sleep supports memory consolidation in a unique physiological process, qualitatively distinct from consolidation occurring during wakefulness. This appears particularly true for memories that rely on the hippocampus, a region with abundant ...

The solar wind plasma from the Sun interacts with the Moon, generating a wake structure behind it, since the Moon is to a good approximation an insulator, has no intrinsic magnetic field and a very thin atmosphere. The lunar wake in simplified geometry has been simulated via a 1 1 2 D electromagnetic particle-in-cell code, with high resolution in order to resolve the full phase space dynamics o...

An extensive experimental study is conducted to examine effects of different winglet-shapes and orientations on the vortex behind a wing, static surface pressure over the wing, and wing wake of a swept wing at various angles of attack. Four types of winglets, spiroid (forward and aft), blended, and winggrid are used in this investigation. Wing static surface pressure measurements are obtained f...

Abstract A convolutional neural network is applied to lidar scan images from three experimental campaigns identify and characterize wind turbine wakes. Initially developed as a proof-of-concept model single data set in complex terrain, the now improved generalized two other unique sets, one located near an escarpment offshore. The model, initially using scans collected predominantly westerly fl...

Phase-averaged organized oscillation velocities (U,V,W) and random fluctuation Reynolds stresses ( uw , uv , ww , vv , uu ) are presented for the nominal wake of a surface ship advancing in regular head (incident) waves, but restrained from body motions, i.e., the forward-speed diffraction problem. A 3 × 3 × 100 m towing tank, plunger wave maker, and towed, 2D particle-image velocimetry (PIV) a...