in this research, the effect of friction between the liquid metal and the sand mould wall and the effect of passage of liquid through a vertical bend and through a ceramic filter on the fluid flow and the melt velocity has been studied by measuring the velocity of the melt and direct observation of the liquid flow through the different parts of a naturally-pressurized running system. the fricti...

Nanofluids are stable suspensions of nanoparticles in conventional heat transfer fluids (base fluids) that exhibit better thermal characteristics compared to those of the base fluids. It is important to clarify various aspects of nanofluids behavior. In order to identify the thermal and hydrodynamic behavior of nanofluids flowing through non-circular ducts, in the present study the laminar flow...

complains of an audible, and often palpable, grating and snapping sound on shoulder girdle movements. Scapular movements are uncomfortable, and the noise can often be localised by the examiner to a specific part of the scapulo-thoracic “joint”. The condition was first described by Boinet in 1867 when he presented a young man of nineteen with discomfort on scapular movements and “une cr#{233}pit...

We study the effect of two cationic polymers, with trade names Jaguar C13s and Merquat 100, on the rheological properties of foams stabilized with a mixture of anionic and zwitterionic surfactants (sodium lauryloxyethylene sulfate and cocoamidopropyl betaine). A series of five cosurfactants are used to compare the effect of these polymers on foaming systems with high and low surface dilatationa...

The present paper focuses on numerical study for an inclined magneto-hydrodynamic effect on free convection flow of a tangent hyperbolic nanofluid embedded with Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) over a stretching surface taking velocity and thermal slip into account. Two types of nanoparticles are considered for the study; they are single and multi-walled nanotubes. The presentation of single-parameter g...

A = area of the rough wall Aj = jth equal subarea of the rough region, A=NA B = empirical constant for the mean velocity profile on a rough wall; Eq. (29) CA = A-weighting factor CF = overall skin friction coefficient, 1 L R L 0 cf dx1 c = speed of sound in free field cf = local skin friction coefficient, w= 1 2 0U 2 cf0 = local skin friction coefficient at a distance xle from the leading edge ...

Direct numerical simulations ~DNS! of a turbulent channel flow at low Reynolds number (Ret 5100,200,400, where Ret is the Reynolds number based on the wall-shear velocity and channel half-width! are carried out to examine the effectiveness of using the Lorentz force to reduce skin friction. The Lorentz force is created by embedding electrodes and permanent magnets in the flat surface over which...

To be applicable to complex aerodynamic flows at realistic Reynolds numbers, large eddy simulation (LES) must be combined with a model for the inner part of the boundary layer. Aerodynamic flows are, in general, very sensitive to the location of boundary layer transition. While traditional LES can predict the transition location and process accurately, existing wall-modeled LES approaches can n...

in this research, the effect of friction between the liquid metal and the sand mould wall and the effect of passage of liquid through a vertical bend and through a ceramic filter on the fluid flow and the melt velocity has been studied by measuring the velocity of the melt and direct observation of the liquid flow through the different parts of a naturally-pressurized running system. the fricti...