Background and Aims: Natural gas pipeline network is an important part of a city’s infrastructure for energy transmission. As the gas pipeline network becoming vaster and more complex, accident caused by the leak of gas pipeline network occur. Accidents consequences caused by gas pipeline rupture, can directly threatening the safety of persons and properties in the city. Thus, it is neces...

abstract: mineral scaling in oil and gas production equipment is one of the most important problem that occurs while water injection and it has been recognized to be a major operational problem. the incompatibility between injected and formation waters may result in inorganic scale precipitation in the equipment and reservoir and then reduction of oil production rate and water injection rate. ...

It is undeniable that instability plays a significant role in the design of pipelines. Local buckles induced by excessive force on specific part of pipeline can locally reduce the collapse pressure of a pipeline and cause local failure. Periodic placement of buckle arrestors along the pipeline can ensure that collapse only effect the length of pipe between two arrestors on either side of the in...