T his month marks the 60th anniversary of the publication of Vannevar Bush's seminal Atlantic Monthly article, " As We May Think. " 1 At the time, Bush was the director of the US Office of Scientific Research and Development for the World War II effort; his peacetime jobs, both before and after the war, were as president of the Carnegie Institute and Dean of Engineering at MIT. In his article, ...

Dear Brother We yesterday recd. your Letter and are much pleased with it. I have intended writing to you a long time but have been lately so busy. In primis loco my father was at Poynings at a Labor a few days ago. and at 12 Clock in the Night I was calld. up to go to Ashurst, that Heny. Holingdale Junr. had Dislocated the head of the Humerus, so I found it when I arrivd, and reduced it with th...

In this note we introduce Euclidean automata (EA), a simple generalization of Finite State Automata (FSA). EA operate not on symbols from a finite alphabet as usual, but rather on vectors from a parameter space P , typically R. The main motivation for EA comes from classification problems involving a forced choice between a finite number (in the most important case, only two) alternatives. Sinc...

Traditional methods of information presentation rely on linear or sequential media (e.g., textbooks, sequential databases and lectures). LiIiear text presentation is organized and designed to be accessed or presented in a fixed sequential order as in printed materials. Linearity of media is not a problem when the subject matter being presented is well structured and fairly simple (Spiro and Jeh...

This 320 pages book is a great tool to teach the most common pediatrics problems. It includes 21 chapters that cover the most important fields of pediatrics with a good emphasis on growth and development, as well as fluids and electrolytes. The tables on developmental milestones according to chronological age help in memorizing those milestones and in teaching young pediatricians how to practic...

Verb–noun idiomatic combinations (VNICs) are idioms consisting of a verb with a noun in its direct object position. Usages of these expressions can be ambiguous between an idiomatic usage and a literal combination. In this paper we propose supervised and unsupervised approaches, based on word embeddings, to identifying token instances of VNICs. Our proposed supervised and unsupervised approache...

Internet represents one of the most important and variegated collection of information present in the world. With the growing utilization of such a mean, the amount of the available information has growed in an exponential way but, paradoxally, the possibilities for the users to run them profitably have reduced, a phenomenon often called information overloading (V. Bush “As We May Think”, 1945)...

O u t of opposition to collectivism grew the celebration of the individual. Long before libertarians objected to totalitarianism in the name of individual rights, laissez faire conservatives challenged the collectivism that had been entailed in nationalism, Catholic and Anglican church doctrines, and secular pessimistic theories of human nature (theories that favored collective institutional an...

Human-computer interaction (HCI) works to understand and to design interactions between people and machines. Increasingly, human collectives are using technology to gather together and coordinate. This mediation occurs through volunteer and interestbased communities on the web, through paid online marketplaces, and through mobile devices. The lessons of HCI can therefore be brought to bear on d...

The general-gamma distribution describes· input-output times in,.a multi-stage process consisting of exponential components whose timeconstants are all different. T~e distribution and its unique history are examined. A stochastic process that leads to it is presented. The conditional density (hazard) function is studied as a means for estimating parameters. Finally the multi-stage process model...