Dry-snow slab avalanches initiate from a failure in a weak snow layer below a cohesive slab. Snow is considered as a porous ice structure, and the strength distribution of the single elements of this structure, i.e. grains and bonds between grains, shows a high degree of disorder. On the bond or microstructural level, the failure process is believed to start if the fracturing of bonds between s...

Neutron reflectivity studies of EuS/SrS, EuS/PbSe and EuS/PbTe all-semiconductor superlattices were carried out in a search for exchange interlayer coupling. A relatively weak antiferromagnetic coupling was found in EuS/SrS and EuS/PbSe systems but no interlayer coupling was detected in EuS/PbTe superlattices. In EuS/SrS, where the SrS spacer is an insulator (E(g)≈4 eV), a very weak and short r...

In this paper we introduce the notion of the fractional weak discrepancy of a poset, building on previous work on weak discrepancy in [5, 8, 9]. The fractional weak discrepancy wdF (P ) of a poset P = (V,≺) is the minimum nonnegative k for which there exists a function f : V → R satisfying (1) if a ≺ b then f(a) + 1 ≤ f(b) and (2) if a ‖ b then |f(a)− f(b)| ≤ k. We formulate the fractional weak...

The Eastern North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW) is a water mass of low potential vorticity (PV) and appears as a weak pycnostad or thermostad. Distinct from other subtropical mode waters, it forms in the absence of a deep winter mixed layer. The formation mechanism of this ESTMW is investigated using an ocean general circulation model that is forced by monthly climatological temperatur...

This paper aims at bridging the gap between the assumption of reliable channels by fault-tolerant distributed algorithms and the weak reliability of feasible communication channels. We deene a new kind of communication channels which we call Stubborn channels. Stubborn channels are easily implementable over a connectionless network layer and, although weak, the reliability guarantees ooered by ...

During cerebellar development, anchoring centers form at the base of each fissure and remain fixed in place while the rest of the cerebellum grows outward. Cerebellar foliation has been extensively studied; yet, the mechanisms that control anchoring center initiation and position remain insufficiently understood. Here we show that a tri-layer model can predict surface wrinkling as a potential m...

Two dimensional (2D) numerical simulation of low-frequency (1/f) noise is carried out in N-channel polysilicon thin film transistors biased from weak to strong inversion. Noise is simulated by Generation-Recombination processes. Simulation is based on the impedance field method of Shockley. A 2D analysis of the local noise level shows that contribution at grain boundaries dominates from weak to...

We construct a laminar neural-field model of primary visual cortex (V1) consisting of a superficial layer of neurons that encode the spatial location and orientation of a local visual stimulus coupled to a deep layer of neurons that only encode spatial location. The spatially-structured connections in the deep layer support the propagation of a traveling front, which then drives propagating ori...

In the title compound, C18H16BrNO3S, the dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the indole ring system is 89.91 (11)°. The mol-ecular structure features weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the a-axis direction. The chains are further linked by C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a layer parallel to the ab pl...

We determine under which conditions the propagation of weak periodic signals through a feedforward Hodgkin-Huxley neuronal network is optimal. We find that successive neuronal layers are able to amplify weak signals introduced to the neurons forming the first layer only above a certain intensity of intrinsic noise. Furthermore, we show that as low as 4% of all possible interlayer links are suff...