Given a geometric Brownian motion wealth process, log-Normal lower bound is constructed for the returns of regular investing schedule. The distribution parameters this are computed recursively. For dollar cost averaging (equal amounts in equal time intervals), closed form. A lump sum (single amount at 0) schedule described which achieves terminal that matches indicated by bound. Results applied...

The paper describes a new software package for automated estimation, display and analyses of various drought indices – continuous functions of precipitation that allow quantitative assessment of meteorological drought events to be made. The software at present allows up to five different drought indices to be estimated. They include the Decile Index (DI), the Effective Drought Index (EDI), the ...

One of the most important issues in all stages of mining study is capital cost estimation. Determination of capital expenditure is a challenging issue for mine designers. In recent decade, quite a few number of studies have focused on proposing estimation models to predict mining capital cost. However, these efforts have not achieved to a predictor model with reliable range of error. Both of ov...

ost estimation for an engineering project traditionally involves development of an “engineer’s estimate” of the project cost to which contingency is added to develop the “total project cost.” Contingency is used to reflect the fact that regardless of the diligence and competence of the estimator, there is uncertainty in the final cost of the project. Material costs change over time, markups and...

The paper gives an overview of the state o f the art o f software cost estimation (SCE). The main questions to be answered in the paper are: (I) What are the reasons for overruns o f budgets and planned durations? (2) What are the prerequisites for estimating? (3) How can software development effort be estimated? (4) What can software project management expect from SCE models, how accurate are ...