Numerical and experimental studies were conducted to investigate the heat transfer, fluid flow, and keyhole dynamics during a pulsed keyhole laser welding. A comprehensive mathematical model has been developed. In the model, the continuum formulation was used to handle solid phase, liquid phase, and mushy zone during melting and solidification processes. The volume-of-fluid method was employed ...

Flux formulations are specified to target chemical and physico-chemical parameters. Chemical parameters set flux element transfer behaviours weld metal oxygen contents. Physico-chemical such as slag viscosity, surface tension melting range targeted ensure an acceptable bead profile appearance. Slag detachability is important property required high welding productivity, smooth no entrapment. Her...

Weld attributes like geometry and cooling rate are strong functions of the welding process parameters such as arc current, voltage and welding peed. A specific weld pool geometry can be produced using multiple sets of these welding variables, i.e., different combinations of arc current, oltage and welding speed. At present, there is no systematic methodology that can determine, in a realistic t...

The profile of the welding bead changes with process parameters during gas metal arc (GMAW) process, top reinforcement disappears, and penetration becomes sunken when excessive heat input is applied. However, little research work specially planned to cope studying under these circumstances. A systematic study relationships among variables geometric features as well optimization quality presente...

The common commercial charge coupled device (CCD) camera is combined with a composite light filter to form a vision sensing system of low cost. It can capture the whole image of a weld pool clearly during constant-current gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Based on the imageprocessing algorithm, the edges of the weld pool under different welding conditions can be extracted. Calibration is made to...

Observation of the weld pool provides an effective path to understand and control the welding process. Observation data also attribute to the validation of numerical models, which helps researchers to analyze and evaluate the welding process. Extensive research has been conducted to provide in situ monitoring of the weld pool. The arc sensor was one of the first few sensors that was adopted for...

Nowadays, CMT is used for joining dissimilar thickness of metals achieving higher mechanical strength by using properties both the metals. Joining aluminium alloys with gas metal arc welding cold transfer (GMAW-CMT) process, primary objective this work. butt 6061-T6 (3.18 mm) and 6082-T6 (2 was carried out ER4043 (Al–5%Si) wire. Mechanical microstructural characterization were weld bead. Micros...

The automated welding systems, have received much attention in recent years, because they are highly suitable not only to increase the quality and productivity, but also to decrease manufacturing time and cost for a given product. To get the desired quality welds in automated welding system is challenging, an algorithm is needed that has complete control over the relevant process parameters in ...