The concept of zero leak in tractors refers to the achievement a completely sealed hydraulic system, where there is no fluid leakage from any components. This can be accomplished by using high-quality seals, ensuring proper installation and maintenance, incorporating advanced technology. benefits include increased efficiency, reduced environmental impact, reduce customer complaints improved saf...

The speed ratio parameters of transmission are crucial factors that affect a vehicle’s power, economy, and comfort. Due to the complex working conditions, multiple modes, wide range ratios agricultural tractors, designing optimizing in power-shift transmissions is challenging task. This paper proposes optimization method based on life cycle utilization rate general-purpose tractors. optimized s...

Most of the wheelchair users are paraplegics, who are not able to move on their own due to permanent injury in their lower extremities. These wheelchairs are four-wheeled and have certain limitations due to design and control mechanism. For example, the wheelchairs cannot move to a higher level, lift the front wheel and stay in an upright position. As a result, wheelchair users cannot reach cer...

This work analyses the market value of second hand agricultural tractors in Spain for the period 1999-2002, with the aims of obtaining the most appropriate valuation models (through the use of ordinary least squares regression) and proposing an empirical model that estimates the true depreciation of these vehicles. Differences in tractor depreciation were studied in terms of the three horsepowe...

We investigate the impact of household use of labor-saving farm technologies on first-time out-migration after the household agriculture and consumption survey was conducted in 1996. Building on the labor substitution framework, we hypothesize that household use of labor-saving technologies (e.g., tractors, farm implements, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides) increases individual out-migratio...

For their inherent stability and simplicity, wheeled robots are very common in robotics applications – but a major drawback of wheeled robots is their inability to navigate over large obstacles or steps without assistance. Active systems that have been designed for use on wheeled robots to lift the robot over a step – such as USU‟s T3 and Virginia Tech‟s IMPASS – are effective, but are limited ...

Permission is granted to quote short excerpts and to reproduce figures and tables from this report, provided that the source of such material is fully acknowledged. Summary: After depoyment, all software systems require an extensive and expensive phase of maintenance and management regardless of whether they are COTS-based or custom built. Understanding how COTS-based systems are maintained, an...

OBJECTIVES Compare the efficacy of two walking assistance devices (wheeled walker and standard walker) to unassisted walking for patients with PD and gait freezing. BACKGROUND Although numerous walking devices are used clinically, their relative effects on freezing and walking speed have never been systematically tested. METHODS Nineteen PD patients (14 non-demented) walked under three cond...