Spiders are thought to be strict predators. We describe a novel exception: Bagheera kiplingi, a Neotropical jumping spider (Salticidae) that exploits a well-studied ant-plant mutualism, is predominantly herbivorous. From behavioral field observations and stable-isotope analyses, we show that the main diet of this host-specific spider comprises specialized leaf tips (Beltian food bodies; Figure ...

background : this study was aimed to collect wild rodents for endoparasites determination in some parts of sistan and baluchistan province, southeastern iran nearby pakistan and afghanistan countries. methods : a total of 100 wild rodents were captured alive with cage traps. various samples were collected from blood and feces, also impression smear prepared from different organs. the samples we...

A new species of Capparis, C. phatadke, is described and illustrated from the Bolikhamxai Province, central Lao PDR. The characterized by lianous habit, brown-reddish indumentum, straight stipular thorns, laminar bracts, large flowers arranged in terminal corymbs or subumbels, long filaments ovary. It so far known a single locality, where has been observed mixed deciduous forest secondary limes...