The United Kingdom Supreme Court has abolished the longstanding immunity expert witnesses have enjoyed from being sued for negligence, in a landmark judgment. By a five-two majority, the UK’s highest court has swept away the rule that negligence claims cannot be brought against expert witnesses over anything said in court or in the preparation of reports for court proceedings. The case was brou...

the purpose of this historical review is to summarize the work of paul of aegina and especially his contribution to the treatment of spine disorders and trauma. a major review of the literature was undertaken with emphasis on the treatise of paul himself as well as those of later scholars and historians. paul expanded the horizons of surgery of his time, using his talent to perform very complic...

This work aims to devise a framework for measuring system security. We can all agree that the ability to compare, to contrast, and to make quantifiable statements about system security is extremely valuable. It means that we will have a basis to determine where to put our limited resources, where to pay attention, and how to best secure our systems. We also believe that one can obtain a more co...

Charles Watson Wentworth, second Marquis of Rockingham, died suddenly and unexpectedly on 1 July 1782, when he was only 52 years old. He had suffered-or enjoyed-ill health all his life but in 1782 appeared to be no worse than he had ever been. His death in London terminated his second period of office as Prime Minister, to which he had been appointed only 14 weeks earlier. In May he had reporte...

During Sangam period there were land lords who holds the rank next to Vendars. These pay tax Vendars and they themselves participated in politics served as army chiefs times of war. Minor parts lands owned by Chera, Chola Pandyas ruled these opposed them kept areas under their control. Land like Kosar came fromm northern part Tamilnadu. This kind sociological approach has greatly contributed so...

Although the word “love” appears less frequently in the Qur‟an than in the Bible, Love is a cornerstone of both Islam and Christianity. As the Bible and the Qur‟an agree on many things, why then do Muslims and Christians perceive each other so differently and so often misunderstand each other? Such a question, of course, deserves an in-depth, multi-faceted answer; however, we...

I. Basic Beliefs of Islam. Before taking up the subject of Islamic theology proper I should like, by way of introduction, to outline the basic religious beliefs which are common to all Muslims. As you may know, Islam was founded by the Prophet Muh.ammad in the Arabian Peninsula in the first quarter of the seventh century. At the age of forty the Prophet began to receive certain revelations whic...