GDP The gross domestic product POP The population GDP CAP The gross domestic product per capita LOSS The system power losses (MW) EP Electricity consumption (Multiplication of electricity consumption by population) LF Load factor R/S Cost of one kWh (milliamps/kWh) (cost of Energy).

Vasilis M. Fthenakis * and Hyung Chul Kim Energy Sciences and Technology Department, Bldg 475B, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, U.S.A.; and Center for Life Cycle Analysis, Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 11027 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-631-344-2830: fax: +1-631-344-7650. Email address: [email protected] ABSTRACT Solarand nuc...

This paper proposes a total cost of ownership (TCO) model for battery sizing of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The proposed systematic TCO model innovatively integrates the Beijing driving database and optimal PHEV energy management strategies developed earlier. The TCO, including battery, fuel, electricity, and salvage costs, is calculated in yearly cash flows. The salvage cost, bas...

We analyze the cost-effectiveness of electric utility rate payer–funded programs to promote demand-side management (DSM) and energy efficiency investments. We develop a conceptual model that relates demand growth rates to accumulated average DSM capital per customer and changes in energy prices, income, and weather. We estimate that model using nonlinear least squares for two different utility ...

This study carries out an analysis of the 10 MW Butoni wind farm in tropical southwest Pacific island Fiji using 6 years uninterrupted near-surface observations (2013–2018). The standard wind-industry software, WAsP is used to analyse and evaluate characteristics surrounding areas. modelled operational AEP are discussed with related economic together main causes for under-performance farm. resu...

........................................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 5 Background: The GEC Study .........................................................................................

Using a significant quantity of fossil fuels has adverse impacts on our lives and will affect future generations. Additionally, there are limited and decreasing numbers of nonrenewable resources around the world. In contrast, renewable resources are not depleted and provide energy with negligible pollution. Wind energy is one of the more common renewable energy resources. This project aims to e...

The residential load is one of the largest consumers electric energy in Libya that could be supplied by renewable energies. Renewable technologies and systems can a good solution to build “Zero Energy Buildings”. A zero-energy house proposed for Maqrun city. It intended use wind turbine with batteries as storage system supply demand this house.The average daily estimated 35 kWh/day. Two WECS we...

The US coal mining industry consumes approximately 142 billion kWh per year of energy. The US Department of Energy estimates that the industry‟s annual energy consumption can be reduced by 49% (24.6 billion kWh/year by using currently available best practices and a further 44.8 billion kWh/year with more research). This constitutes nearly $3.7 billion of potential savings on coal production cos...

The Center for Electromechanics has developed and is currently testing a 2 MW, 130 kWh (480 MJ) flywheel energy storage system (FESS) designed as a load leveling energy management device. The flywheel energy storage system consists of the energy storage flywheel, a high speed induction motor/generator, and a bidirectional power converter. The FESS is a key element of the Advanced Locomotive Pro...