Effective information communication and public participation in the planning process are important elements for facilitating successful environmental decision-making. Previous research has demonstrated the importance of these factors for delivering benefits to a wide range of stakeholders in the planning system by increasing the transparency and efficiency of the planning process. Planning info...

A new theoretical approach is proposed to predict a practical upper limit to the efficiency of a very large wind farm. The new theory suggests that the efficiency of ideal turbines in an ideal very large wind farm depends primarily on a non-dimensional parameter λ/Cf0, where λ is the ratio of the rotor swept area to the land area (for each turbine) and Cf0 is a natural friction coefficient obse...

The purpose of this article is to present the development of a wind farm, with a condition monitoring system (CMS) based on control charts as the algorithm, centred on a new index, to prevent soil pollution by oil spills in wind farms. To this end, temperature sensors can be considered as one of the more significant sensors to be employed in this study, because the information obtained with reg...

In this paper, the problem of fault diagnosis of a wind farm is addressed using interval parity equations. Fault detection is based on the use of parity equations and unknown but bounded description of the noise and modeling errors. The fault detection test is based on checking the consistency between the measurements and the model by finding if the formers are inside the interval prediction bo...

Small scale wind turbines can be used in indoor facilities that are mainly either stand-alone or gridconnected systems. With grid contiguous turbines, the output from the wind turbine is directly connected to the existing mains electricity supply. For this purpose Improved Honey Bee Mating Optimization (IHBMO) technique is considered as an optimization algorithm to power system. Also the wind f...

This paper provides a model-free approach based on the Multi-Resolution Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (MR-SPSA) for maximizing power production of wind farms. The main advantage is that the method based on MR-SPSA can achieve fast controller tuning without any plant model by exploiting the information of the wind farm configuration such as turbines location and wind directi...

This paper will formulate integer programs to determine the optimal positions of wind turbines within a wind farm. The formulations were based on variations of the vertex packing problem. Three formulations are presented, which seek to maximize power generated in accordance with constraints based on the number of turbines, turbine proximity, and turbine interference. These were in the form of b...

We have been the first to investigate whether long-lived geese and ducks can detect and avoid a large offshore wind farm by tracking their diurnal migration patterns with radar. We found that the percentage of flocks entering the wind farm area decreased significantly (by a factor 4.5) from pre-construction to initial operation. At night, migrating flocks were more prone to enter the wind farm ...

The report also highlights the use of smallpox in bioterrorism as a particularly worrying threat. Authorities around the world should work together to combat the kind of bioterrorism that occurred with the letters warning of anthrax after September 11 2001, it says. A flu pandemic would affect more than 1.5 billion people, or 25 per cent of the world's population. Even if the disease was mild i...

A simple methodology is described – the multi-turbine power curve approach – a methodology to generate a qualified estimate of the time series of the aggregated power generation from planned wind turbine units distributed in an area where limited wind time series are available. This is often the situation in a planning phase where you want to simulate planned expansions in a power system with w...