Sand dunes form an important and unique system that can be mobile or fixed by vegetation. The common mobility indices of sand dunes, which are related to the wind and the amount of precipitation and potential evaporation, do not work in many dune fields around the world. The reasons for that lie in the singular physical characteristics of the sandy soil. Sand has high hydraulic conductivity cau...

When integrated to the power system, large wind farms pose stability and control issues. A thorough study is needed to identify the potential problems and to develop measures to mitigate them. Although integration of high levels of wind power into an existing transmission system does not require a major redesign, it necessitates additional control and compensating equipment to enable recovery f...

a wind farm is a collection of wind turbines built in an area to provide electricity. wind power is a renewable energy resource and an alternative to non-renewable fossil fuels. in this paper impact of wind farms in power system reliability is investigate and a new procedure for reliability assessment of wind farms in hl1 level is proposed. in proposed procedure, application of fuzzy – markov f...

The renewable energy resources such as wind power have recently attracted more researchers’ attention. It is mainly due to the aggressive energy consumption, high pollution and cost of fossil fuels. In this era, the future fluctuations of these time series should be predicted to increase the reliability of the power network. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics and short-term predictabili...

Due to rising fuel costs, the substantial price for CO2 emissions and decreasing wind power costs, wind power might become the least expensive source of power for an increasing number of power systems. This poses the questions of how wind power might change optimal investments in other forms of power production and what kind of means could be used to increase power system flexibility in order t...

the major problem of wind turbines is the great variability of wind power production. the dynamic change of the wind speed returns the quantity of the power injected to networks. therefore, wind–thermal generation scheduling problem plays a key role to implement clean power producers in a competitive environment. in deregulated power systems, the scheduling problem has various objectives than i...