Wolbachia are maternally transmitted endosymbionts that often alter their arthropod hosts' biology to favor the success of infected females, and they may also serve as a speciation microbe driving reproductive isolation. Two of these host manipulations include killing males outright and reducing offspring survival when infected males mate with uninfected females, a phenomenon known as cytoplasm...

Three-dimensional Bi(2)WO(6)/TiO(2) hierarchical heterostructures with secondary anatase TiO(2) nanoparticles grown on primary Bi(2)WO(6) microspheres have been successfully obtained by a low temperature hydrothermal method. The hierarchical Bi(2)WO(6)/TiO(2) structures displayed significantly enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity in comparison to isolated Bi(2)WO(6) microsphere...

We report experimental results on the kinetics of the electron-beam-induced reduction of WO, by in situ high-resolution electron microscopy. Electron-beam irradiation of WO, results in complete reduction to W. The process is surfaceinitiated through desorption of oxygen from the crystal surface, and the subsequent growth of tungsten was found to be a diffusion-controlled process. The damage rat...

Two-dimensional thin Bi₂WO₆ nanoplates have been fabricated using a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-assisted hydrothermal method. We investigated the proposed formation mechanism based on the crystalline structures of the thin Bi₂WO₆ nanoplates. The high adsorption ability and excellent visible-light driven photocatalytic activities of the Bi₂WO₆ nanoplates were illustrated, in view of ex...

The bootstrap is a convenient tool for estimating standard errors of the parameters of complicated econometric models. Unfortunately, the fact that these models are complicated often makes the bootstrap extremely slow or even practically infeasible. This paper proposes an alternative to the bootstrap which is only based on estimation of one-dimensional parameters. The paper contains no difficul...

UNLABELLED Xenon-enhanced computed tomography (Xe-CT) has been used to measure regional ventilation by determining the wash-in (WI) and wash-out (WO) rates of stable Xe. We tested the common assumption that WI and WO rates are equal by measuring WO-WI in different anatomic lung regions of six anesthetized, supine sheep scanned using multi-detector-row computed tomography (MDCT). We further inve...

Trichomes are universal biological structures originating from the aerial epidermis, which serve as an excellent model to study plant differentiation at the cell level. Although the pathway regulating trichome formation in the Rosids has been well characterized, only very recently a few genes were identified for trichome initiation in the Asterids. In this study, we cloned Woolly (Wo), essentia...