A general framework of parallel insertion and deletion based on p-schemata is proposed. A p-schema is a set of tuples of words. When being used for parallel insertion of a language into a word, an element of p-schema specifies how to split the word into factors between which the language to be inserted. As its inverse operation, parallel deletion based on the p-schema is defined. Several algebr...

Cephalopods have visual and mechanoreception systems that may be employed to sense and 2 4 respond to an approaching predator. While vision presumably plays the dominant role, the importance of 2 5 the lateral line analogue for predator evasion has not been examined in cephalopods. To test the 2 6 respective roles of vision and the lateral line analogue, brief squid Lolliguncula brevis were obs...

According to Zipf’s meaning-frequency law, words that are more frequent tend to have more meanings. Here it is shown that a linear dependency between the frequency of a form and its number of meanings is found in a family of models of Zipf’s law for word frequencies. This is evidence for a weak version of the meaning-frequency law. Interestingly, that weak law (a) is not an inevitable of proper...

The local fractional variational iteration method is applied to a modified Fisher?s equation defined on Cantor sets with the fractal conditions. solution process simple, and accuracy of approximate high. provides an unrivaled tool for differential equations. Key word: equation, analytical solutions, method, derivative

It is well known that some of the most basic properties of words, like the commutativity (xy = yx) and the conjugacy (xz = zy), can be expressed as solutions of word equations. An important problem is to decide whether or not a given equation on words has a solution. For instance, the equation xmyn = zp has only periodic solutions in a free monoid, that is, if xmyn = zp holds with integers m,n,...

s of minicourses Murray Elder (Newcastle): Languages and groups I will introduce a menagerie of formal language classes that sit somewhere between regular and contextsensitive, and somehow tie them in with problems concerning infinite finitely generated groups. Lecture 1 will focus on the word problem for a group, which is either: a decision problem to decide on input a word in the generators, ...

L.L. Jacoby's (1991) "process dissociation procedure" was used to quantitatively estimate the contributions of color-naming and word-reading processes to responding on the Stroop task. The results show that color naming and word reading can operate independently to determine responses. Degrading stimulus colors eliminated the typical asymmetry between Stroop facilitation and interference, as pr...