Time series data (1966 to 2017) that covered prices of six selected major exporting rice markets in the world were used determine integration world. The collected analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. In spite long-run price association among markets, poor extent market co-integration made law one (LOP) not hold i.e. elusive these markets. Except for Pakistan China all rem...

Understanding and measuring determinants of bid-ask spreads is decisive to clarifying the efficiency of the microstructure of any exchange and general market liquidity. This paper examines the market microstructure of a low liquidity, market maker driven option market, the relations to the underlying securities’ market and the challenges of pricing liquidity. Comparing empirical results with pr...