This paper introduces a Chinese Spelling Check campaign organized for the SIGHAN 2014 bake-off, including task description, data preparation, performance metrics, and evaluation results based on essays written by Chinese as a foreign language learners. The hope is that such evaluations can produce more advanced Chinese spelling check techniques.

The aim of the current study was to compare the influence of on-line planning and pre-task planning on the performance of EFL university students enjoying different levels of proficiency regarding accuracy, fluency and complexity. To this end a group of 134 EFL learners with different proficiency levels were asked to write narrative tasks under two planning conditions (Pre-task planning and on-...

To what extent do phonological codes constrain orthographic output in handwritten production? We investigated how phonological codes constrain the selection of orthographic codes via sublexical and lexical routes in Chinese written production. Participants wrote down picture names in a picture-naming task in Experiment 1or response words in a symbol-word associative writing task in Experiment 2...

Overtly presented, but ignored visual and auditory stimuli presented within the same sensory modality are inhibited in a later recognition task if previously presented synchronously with an attended visual target (Tsushima, Sasaki & Watanabe, 2006; Tsushima, Seitz & Watanabe, 2008; Dewald, Doumas & Sinnett, 2010; Dewald & Sinnett, 2011). We extend these findings to conditions in which task irre...

Prejudice towards obese people is widespread and has negative consequences for individuals with obesity. The present study covertly examined whether participants spontaneously generate different written transcript content (i.e., more negative stereotypes) when presented with a picture of an obese person or a normal-weight person. Two pictures of young women were computer generated to appear ide...

siniya, al-buhturä«'s famous poem for the deseription of ivan kasra is a descriptive masterpiece in arabic poetry , the most beautiful part being his description of “the antioch battle”, an awe-inspiring picture depicting the victory of iranian over the romans. this picture inspired him with wonder, then he reproduced it in his poem, so much so that when readers read it they can visual...

Research has demonstrated that irrelevant suprathreshold motion stimuli that are aligned with attended targets in a separate task, fail to illicit inhibitory control in a subsequent motion direction discrimination task (Tsushima, Seitz, & Watanabe, 2008). We extended these findings to conditions involving higher exposure levels to a more salient stimulus (written words) in an inattentional blin...

PURPOSE Advances in neurobiology are providing new opportunities to investigate the neurological systems underlying motor speech control. This study explores the perceptual characteristics of the speech of three genotypes of spino-cerebellar ataxia (SCA) as manifest in four different speech tasks. METHODS Speech samples from 26 speakers with SCA were perceptually rated by experienced listener...

Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Sciences University of Lódź, ul. Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Lódź, Poland Abstract We postulate a master equation, written in the language of creation and annihilation operators, as a candidate for unambiguous quantum mechanical description of unstable particles. We have found Kraus representation for the evolution driven b...

This study is a typological description of written formative feedback in an EFL context in Iran. Twenty M.A. students of TEFL participated in the study. They were required to summarize a scholarly article in each session on which the instructor would provide written corrective feedback (CF). Written formative comments were extracted, coded, and categorized into various types, such as asking for...