Recent studies show that pulmonary vasodilator responses to nitrite are enhanced by hypoxia. However, the mechanism by which nitrite is converted to vasoactive nitric oxide (NO) is uncertain. In the present study, intravenous injections of sodium nitrite decreased pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures and increased cardiac output. The decreases in pulmonary arterial pressure were enhanced w...

We demonstrated that 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal levels in mouse brain were elevated from 1 h until 8 h after global brain ischemia for 14 min induced with the 3-vessel occlusion model; this result indicates that ischemia reperfusion injury generated oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species production was observed not only in the hippocampal region, but also in the cortical region....

Aldehyde oxidases are molybdo-flavoenzymes structurally related to xanthine oxidoreductase. They catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes or N-heterocycles of physiological, pharmacological, and toxicological relevance. Rodents are characterized by four aldehyde oxidases as follows: AOX1 and aldehyde oxidase homologs 1-3 (AOH1, AOH2, and AOH3). Humans synthesize a single functional aldehyde oxidase,...

1 Human Xanthine Oxidoreductase Determination by a Competitive ELISA Maria Giulia Battelli and Silvia Musiani .............................................. 3 2 Simultaneous Determination of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Corresponding Monohydroperoxy and Monohydroxy Peroxidation Products by HPLC Richard W. Browne and Donald Armstrong ..................................... 13 3 Determination of...

The recently solved X-ray crystal structure of the molybdenum-containing arsenite ox idoreductase from Alcaligenes fa ecalis, is discussed, keeping in view the known mechanistic and spectroscopic information regarding the protein in a structural context. In addi tion, recent mechan istic studies of );,janthine oxidase are covered , with the conclusion that the reaction meclianism is initiated b...

The molybdo-flavoenzymes are structurally related proteins that require a molybdopterin cofactor and FAD for their catalytic activity. In mammals, four enzymes are known: xanthine oxidoreductase, aldehyde oxidase and two recently described mouse proteins known as aldehyde oxidase homologue 1 and aldehyde oxidase homologue 2. The present review article summarizes current knowledge on the structu...

Clostridial and spinach ferredoxins, reduced enzymatically by the action of ferredoxin-TPN+ oxidoreductase, have been shown to carry out the univalent reduction of oxygen. The superoxide radicals, so generated, were detected by their ability to cause the oxidation of epinephrine to adrenochrome. Superoxide dismutase prevented the production of adrenochrome in these reaction mixtures, while havi...

The mammary gland is a skin gland unique to the class Mammalia. Despite a growing molecular and histological understanding of the development and physiology of the mammary gland, its functional and morphological origins have remained speculative. Numerous theories on the origin of the mammary gland and lactation exist. The purpose of the mammary gland is to provide the newborn with copious amou...

Pathways producing and converting adenosine have hardly been investigated in human heart, contrasting work in other species. We compared the kinetics of enzymes associated with purine degradation and salvage in human and rat heart cytoplasm assaying for adenosine deaminase, nucleoside phosphorylase, xanthine oxidoreductase, AMP deaminase, AMP- and IMP-specific 5'-nucleotidases, adenosine kinase...

BACKGROUND The recent discovery that nitrite is an intrinsic vasodilator and signaling molecule at near-physiological concentrations has raised the possibility that nitrite contributes to hypoxic vasodilation and to the bioactivity of nitroglycerin and mediates the cardiovascular protective effects of nitrate in the Mediterranean diet. However, important questions of potency, kinetics, mechanis...