The goals of this study were: (a) to examine authoritative parenting style among Chinese immigrant mothers of young children, (b) to test the mediational mechanism between authoritative parenting style and children's outcomes; and (c) to evaluate 3 predictors of authoritative parenting style (psychological well-being, perceived support in the parenting role, parenting stress). Participants incl...

In a biological market, individuals seek to maximize their benefits by trading social commodities with the partner offering the highest value. When demand for a partner or commodity is greater than supply, individuals compete for access to the preferred partner by raising the price they are willing to pay. In primates, this model has been used to explain the pattern of grooming between mothers ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the development of smoking behaviour patterns among young adult offspring. METHOD Data were from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), a birth cohort of 7223 mothers and children enrolled in Brisbane, Australia, in 1981. The development of smoking behaviours (early or late onset, or comb...

Through non-genetic maternal effects, mothers can tailor offspring phenotype to the environment in which young will grow up. If juvenile and adult ecologies differ, the conditions mothers experienced as juveniles may better predict their offspring's environment than the adult environment of mothers. In this case maternal decisions about investment in offspring quality should already be determin...

In the traditional models of female labour supply formal childcare is assumed to be provided by the market. This is not the case in most European countries. In this paper we estimate the causal effect of a particular kind of informal care, the one provided by grandparents, on mothers’ work decisions in Italy. We deal with the endogeneity due to mothers’ and grandparents’ unobserved preferences ...

Active, focused involvement with toys has been associated with later cognitive development (Ruff & Rothbart, 1996; Yarrow, Morgan, Jennings, Harmon, & Gaiter, 1982). A deficit in active toy exploration is a sensitive indicator of risk in infants as young as 1 year (Landry & Chapieski, 1988; Ruff, McCarton, Kurtzberg, & Vaughn, 1984). One-year-olds’ focused exploration is greater during interact...

Prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) types causing cervical cancer will soon be available. Success of the vaccine relies on parents' willingness to vaccinate their prepubescent daughters. We explored mothers' attitudes towards vaccination. Twenty-four mothers of girls ages 8 to 14 years took part in four focus groups. Discussions covered attitudes to vaccination in general, ...

OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to study the association between familial and particularly fetal tobacco smoke exposure and vascular damage in young adulthood. METHODS AND RESULTS From a cohort of 732 young adults, birth data were collected and in young adulthood ultrasound measurement of common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) was performed. Data on parental smoking were obtained by st...

We draw upon the 3-wave longitudinal dataset called Welfare Children and Families: A Three-City Study to examine the long-term implications for adolescents and young adults (N=783) of mothers' welfare receipt and labor force participation from 1999 to 2005. In general, changes in mothers' work and welfare patterns were not associated with deterioration or improvement in youth development (ages ...

Acute respiratory tract infections in young children take a heavy toll on life among urban slum dwellers and where medical care is not available or sought. The effective way to reduce deaths from ARI is early and prompts treatment as well as health education. The urban slum population is more vulnerable to health risk as they face many risk factors like living condition, sanitation, health care...