This study presents an “Earth observation-based” method for estimating root zone storage capacity – a critical, yet uncertain parameter in hydrological and land surface modelling. By assuming that vegetation optimises its root zone storage capacity to bridge critical dry periods, we were able to use state-of-the-art satellite-based evaporation data computed with independent energy balance equat...

Volume zone plates consisting of a number of Fresnel zone plate layers are designed and fabricated inside a fused silica by the femtosecond laser direct writing method. Light diffracted from different layers of a volume zone plate constructively interfere at the focal spot to increase diffraction efficiency. The technique is experimentally verified to be effective for both low-numerical-apertur...

This paper reports the reduction of package-stresses by in tm ducing a decoupling zone directly m u n d a sensor structure. Different geometries of the decoupling zones are compared, using the Fdte Element Method (FEM) and analytical models. A large reduction is obtained in case of a corrugated decoupling zone. To optimize the reduction, an analytical description of a ring-shaped V-groove is gi...

In this investigation, the structure of one-dimensional flame propagation in uniform cloud of volatile organic particles has been analyzed in which the structure of flame is divided into three zones. The first zone is preheat zone which is divided into three subzones itself. In first subzone (heating), particle cloud heated until the moisty particles reach to vapor vaporization temperature. In ...

We describe a method of detecting nanometer-level gap and tip/tilt alignment between a focusing zone plate mask and a silicon substrate using interferometric-spatial-phase-imaging (ISPI). The zone plate mask is used to generate submicrometer focused light spot to induce silicon nanowire growth in a CVD process. ISPI makes use of diffracting fringes from gratings and checkerboards fabricated on ...

Transmission function through metallic armchair-edge graphene nanoribbons is calculated within non-equilibrium Green’s function method including full-band electron–opticalphonon interaction. Structures appear in transmission function, which are originated in both zone-center and zone-edge optical-phonon scattering.

This article proposes a novel moment-based local cluster division optimization method in wireless sensor networks, and improves the energy efficiency of local cluster area with uneven nodes distribution. In the proposed method, first, each node estimates the higher moment of local sensors’ coordinates. Second, the current cluster zone is divided into four quadrant zones with cluster head’s (CH)...