In this paper, we have reported birefringence manipulation in regenerated high birefringent fiber Bragg grating (RPMG) by using CO2 laser annealing method. The results indicate that the birefringence of RPMG remains unchanged after CO2 laser annealing followed by slow cooling process, but reduced after fast cooling process (~5.6×10-5). After a series of annealing procedures with different cooli...

Let L be a quadratic lattice over a number field F . We lift the lattice L along a Zp-extension of F and investigate the growth of the number of spinor genera in the genus of L. Let Ln be the lattice obtained from L by extending scalars to the n-th layer of the Zp-extension. We show that, under various conditions on L and F , the number of spinor genera in the genus of Ln is 2 +O(1) where η is ...

Let p be an odd prime number. We describe the Whitehead group of all extra-special and almost extra-special p-groups. For this we compute, for any finite p-group P , the subgroup Cl1(ZP ) of SK1(ZP ), in terms of a genetic basis of P . We also introduce a deflation map Cl1(ZP ) → Cl1 ( Z(P/N) ) , for a normal subgroup N of P , and show that it is always surjective. Along the way, we give a new ...

We consider the class of linear precoded (LP) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. We first show that single-carrier zero-padded transmissions, termed ZP-only, can be viewed as a special case of LP-OFDM. By resorting to the pair-wise error probability analysis, we establish the optimality of ZP-only among the LP-OFDM class in terms of its performance in random frequency-se...

Interaction of rapidly evolving molecules imparts species specificity to sperm-egg recognition in marine invertebrates, but it is unclear whether comparable interactions occur during fertilization in any vertebrate species. In mammals, the sperm acrosomal protein zonadhesin is a rapidly evolving molecule with species-specific binding activity for the egg zona pellucida (ZP). Here we show using ...

The zona pellucida (ZP) is a specialized extracellular coat that surrounds the plasma membrane of mammalian eggs. Its presence is essential for successful completion of oogenesis, fertilization and preimplantation development. The ZP is composed of only a few glycoproteins which are organized into long crosslinked fibrils that constitute the extracellular coat. A hallmark of ZP glycoproteins is...

Let p be a prime Zp the eld of residue classes mod p and Up the cyclic group of automorphisms of the additive group Zp We will identify Up with the non zero elements of Zp For any positive integer n dividing p there is exactly one subgroup C of Up of index n given by C fx j x Zp x g if jCj k then p kn The orbits of C on Zp are f g C together with the cosets of C in Up If y is a primitive root i...

Until now, there has been relatively little information available about how the mammalian egg extracellular coat, the zona pellucida (ZP), assembles during oogenesis. Recently, two experimental approaches were taken, in part, to address this question in mice. In one case, antisense oligonucleotides directed against ZP glycoprotein mRNAs were injected into mouse oocytes to prevent synthesis of t...

Throughout this paper we use the following notations. By Zp we denote the ring of p-adic rational integers, Q denotes the field of rational numbers, Qp denotes the field of p-adic rational numbers, C denotes the complex number field, and Cp denotes the completion of algebraic closure of Qp. Let νp be the normalized exponential valuation of Cp with |p|p = p−νp(p) = p−1. When one talks of q-exten...

Let p be a prime number with p ≡ 1(mod 2). Throughout this paper, Zp,Qp and Cp will denote the ring of p-adic integers, the field of p-adic rational numbers and the completion of algebraic closure of Qp. The p-adic norm | · |p is normalized as |p|p = 1 p . Let q be an indeterminate in Cp such that |1− q|p < p −1 p−1 . The q-extension of number x be defined as [x]q = 1−qx 1−q . Note that limq→1[...