no context or background is provided as to why this is an important study question. This is now better explained . it is likely unnecessary to include all inclusion and exclusion criteria in the abstract this listing takes up a large portion of the word allowance. We believe that a listing of eligibility criteria is essential to define the study population. Background page 4, last paragraph the...

We provide another proof of the Sipser–Lautemann Theorem by which BPP ⊆ MA (⊆ PH). The current proof is based on strong results regarding the amplification of BPP, due to Zuckerman (1996). Given these results, the current proof is even simpler than previous ones. Furthermore, extending the proof leads to two results regarding MA: MA ⊆ ZPP (which seems to be new), and that two-sided error MA equ...

Influence of lysine and zinc administration on lead-sensitive biochemical parameters and the accumulation of lead during exposure to lead were investigated in rats. The lead exposure inhibited blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase (δ-ALAD) activity, increased blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA), serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), serum pyruvic...

Consider the following problem. Given n sets of sets A1, . . . , Au with elements over a universe E = {e1, . . . , en}, the goal is to select exactly one set from each of A1, . . . , Au in order to maximize the size of the intersection of the sets. In this paper we present two NP-Hardness proofs, the first via a direct reduction from 3-Sat. The second proof involves a gap-preserving reduction f...

We consider the problem of approximating the independence number and the chromatic number of k-uniform hypergraphs on n vertices. For xed integers k 2, we obtain for both problems that one can achieve in polynomial time approximation ratios of at most O(n=(log 1) n)2). This extends results of Boppana and Halld orsson [5] who showed for the graph case that an approximation ratio of O(n=(logn)) c...

Biochemical and haematological profiles of workers exposed to vanadium were compared with those of non-exposed age matched subjects. A significantly positive and dose related correlation between serum vanadium and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) was observed. Normal lead concentrations excluded this heavy metal as a possible cause. Inhibition of the reduction of Fe to Fe++ by vanadium is discussed as...

Free Binary Decision Diagrams (FBDDs) are a data structure for the representation and manipulation of Boolean functions. Efficient algorithms for most of the important operations are known if only FBDDs respecting a fixed graph ordering are considered. However, the size of such an FBDD may strongly depend on the chosen graph ordering and efficient algorithms for computing good or optimal graph ...

We provide another proof of the Sipser{Lautemann Theorem by which BPP MA (PH). The current proof is based on strong results regarding the ampliication of BPP, due to Zuck-erman. Given these results, the current proof is even simpler than previous ones. Furthermore, extending the proof leads to two results regarding MA: MA ZPP NP (which seems to be new), and that two-sided error MA equals MA. Fi...

We consider an algorithmic problem of coloring r-uniform hypergraphs. The problem of finding the exact value of the chromatic number of a hypergraph is known to be NP-hard, so we discuss approximate solutions to it. Using a simple construction and known results on hardness of graph coloring, we show that for any r 3 it is impossible to approximate in polynomial time the chromatic number of r-un...

Boxicity of a graph G(V, E) is the minimum integer k such that G can be represented as the intersection graph of axis parallel boxes in Rk. Cubicity is a variant of boxicity, where the axis parallel boxes in the intersection representation are restricted to be of unit length sides. Deciding whether boxicity (resp. cubicity) of a graph is at most k is NP-hard, even for k = 2 or 3. Computing thes...