Introduction: Spondylolisthesis is a common disorder in lumabar vertebras and consist of more than 30% of lumbar fusions are diagnosed. Degenerative spondylolisthesis is seen more in women at level L4-L5 however isthmic spondylolisthesis is seen in men at level L5-S1. MRI is used commonly as first paraclinic test for evaluation of patients with back pain with or without radiculoapthy. It is use...

LOW-INTENSITY OCCLUSION (50– 100 MM HG) TRAINING PROVIDES A UNIQUE BENEFICIAL TRAINING MODE FOR PROMOTING MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY. TRAINING AT INTENSITIES AS LOW AS 20% 1 REPETITION MAXIMUM WITH MODERATE VASCULAR OCCLUSION RESULTS IN MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY IN AS LITTLE AS 3 WEEKS. A TYPICAL EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION CALLS FOR 3 TO 5 SETS TO VOLITIONAL FATIGUE WITH SHORT REST PERIODS. THE METABOLIC BUILDUP C...

Objective(s):  The role of the Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in apoptosis and in certain hypertrophic responses has been previously investigated, but its regulation of Endothelin-1 induced cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. The present study discusses the inhibitory role of ARC against endothelin–induced hypertrophy. Results:In present study Endothelin treated car...

Sauropods are often imagined to have held their heads high atop necks that ascended in a sweeping curve that was formed either intrinsically because of the shape of their vertebrae, or behaviorally by lifting the head, or both. Their necks are also popularly depicted in life with poses suggesting avian flexibility. The grounds for such interpretations are examined in terms of vertebral osteolog...

Microsurgery techniques are useful innovations towards minimizing the insult of canal stenosis. Here, we describe the trumpet laminectomy microdecompression (TLM) technique, advantages and disadvantages. Sixty-two TLM patients with lumbar disc herniation, facet hypertrophy or yellow ligament or intracanal granulation tissue. The symptoms are low back pain, dysesthesia and severe pain on both le...

Masseteric hypertrophy, popularly called the benign masseteric hypertrophy (BMH) or idiopathic masseteric hypertrophy (IMH) is a relatively uncommon condition characterized by asymptomatic enlargement of one or both masseter muscles and is rarely accompanied by pain, which is often confused with parotid swelling. Most frequently, clinicians are consulted for swelling of angle of mandible which ...

Idiopathic hypertrophy of the masseter muscle is a rare disorder of unknown cause. Some authors associate it with the habit of chewing gum, temporo-mandibular joint disorder, congenital and functional hypertrophies, and emotional disorders (stress and nervousness). Most patients complain of the cosmetic change caused by facial asymmetry, also called square face, however, symptoms such as trismu...