The first part of the introduction tries to explain the aim to a general mathematical audience, so may be skipped by a knowledgeable reader; naturally we should start by explaining what is first order logic and a general (abstract) logic from a model-theoretic perspective. We may consider classes of rings and classes of groups but usually we do not consider a class containing structures of both...

At least 10% of the world's tree species are threatened with extinction and pathogens are increasingly implicated in tree threats. Coextinction and threats to affiliates as a consequence of the loss or decline of their host trees is a poorly understood phenomenon. Ash dieback is an emerging infectious disease causing severe dieback of common ash Fraxinus excelsior throughout Europe. We utilized...

We introduce a new proof system for the description logic ALC in the framework of the calculus of structures, a structural proof theory that employs deep inference. This new formal presentation introduces positive proofs for description logics. Moreover, this result makes possible the study of sub-structural refinements of description logics, for which a semantics can now be defined. 1 A calcul...

We show that the Cantor-Bendixon rank of limit groups is finite as well as that of limit groups of linear groups. Let T be an universal theory. In what follows this will be just the universal theory of some linear group. If T has at most countably many finitely generated models, then one can associate to each finitely generated model M of T an ordinal rank, denoted Rk(M), as defined in [2]. We ...

We examine the ban on Ā-movement of the external argument of a transitive verb that holds in many morphologically ergative languages. We argue that the prohibition against movement of the ergative subject should not be derived from restrictions on the movement of the ergative DP. Rather, we suggest that movement of the ergative argument is per se unproblematic, but if it applies, it applies too...

<p>This research aims to determine whether or not revivalism ideology exists among academics in Islamic higher education institutes the province of Southeast Sulawesi. It is accomplished through use an exegetical reception approach their understanding <em>A</em><em>̄</em><em>yāt</em> <em>at-Taḥkīm</em> (Qur’an chapter <em>al-Mā’idah<...

A pure quantum state of n parties associated with the Hilbert space C d1 ⊗ xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d2 ∙ xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dn...