INTRODUCTION Avoidable attendances (AAs; defined as non-urgent, self-referred patients who could be managed more effectively and efficiently by other services) have been identified as a contributor to ED crowding. Internationally, AAs have been estimated to constitute 10%-90% of ED attendances, with the UK 2013 Urgent and Emergency Care Review suggesting a figure of 40%. METHODS This pilot st...

According to the regulations of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) [1], anabolic androgenic steroids are classified as prohibited substances in sports. They are covered in the section “S1. Anabolic Agents 1. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)”. This section is further subdivided into “a. Exogenous AAS” and “b. Endogenous AAS”. AAS represent the class of substances most frequently detected in h...

The major active constituents from Amaryllidaceae family were reported to be Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AAs), which exhibited a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-viral, and acetyl-cholinesterase-inhibitory activities. In order to better understand their potential as a source of bioactive AAs and the phytochemical variations among three different species of Lycoris ...

OBJECTIVE We have previously reported differences in the prevalence of beta-cell autoantibodies (AAs) in black and white children with insulin-treated diabetes, suggesting that the disease pathogenesis may be more heterogeneous among racial groups than previously thought. To further explore this issue, we compared clinical, biochemical, and autoimmune characteristics at disease diagnosis and fo...

Polar and charged amino acids (AAs) are heavily expressed in non-collagenous proteins (NCPs), and are involved in hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralization in bone. Here, we review what is known on the effect of single AAs on HA precipitation. Negatively charged AAs, such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid (Glu) and phosphoserine are largely expressed in NCPs and play a critical role in controlling HA nu...

In an attempt to shorten recovery time and improve performance, strength and endurance athletes occasionally turn to the illicit use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). This study evaluated the effects of AAS treatment on the muscle mass and phenotypic characteristics of transgenic mice subjected to a high-intensity, aerobic training program (5d/wk for 6 weeks). The transgenic mice (CETP(+/-...

Concurrently to research conducted on ordinary Portland cement (PC), new types of binders were developed during the last decades. These are formed by alkali-activation of metakaolin or ground-granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and are named, respectively, geopolymers (GP) or alkali-activated slag (AAS). Four different cementitious materials were synthesised: PC, AAS, GP, and a mix GP-AAS and...

Aim: The approach of combining chemotherapy with antiangiogenic agents(AAs) has been explored in many trials. In most cases, the addition of AAs to chemotherapy have shown greater activity compared to chemotherapy alone. However, a clinically relevant increase in complete responses (CRs), which is a rare but important event in patients receiving chemotherapy, was not reported. We meta-analyzed ...

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and testosterone are the most frequently detected prohibited doping agents in sport. Professional competitors have been taking them since the fifties of the 20th century, they are used at present mainly by sport amateurs. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids are very often used in combination with other doping agents (erythropoietin, growth hormone, thyroxin). Apart f...

A. PROOF OF PROPOSITION 4.1 A.1. The Claim to Prove In order to prove Proposition 4.1, we quantify the performance loss of strategies restricted to Aas. The performance loss is determined in the following claim. Claim. Starting from any initial rating profile θ , the maximum social welfare achievable at the PAE by (π0, π · 1N) ∈ (Aas) × N(Aas) is at most b− c − c · ρ(θ , α∗ 0, S∗ B) ∑ s′∈S∗ B q...