To guarantee quality of service (QoS), the requirements for video transmission, such as delay and cell loss rate (CLR), are very stringent. These constraints are difficult to meet if high network utilization is desired. In this paper, on-line dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms, in which the bandwidth is adjusted based on the current frame size, are proposed to improve the bandwidth utiliza...

Voltage/calcium-gated potassium channels of large conductance (BK channels) are membrane ionotropic receptors highly expressed in smooth muscle and throughout the nervous system, being critical for vasomotion neuronal firing. BK activated when there is an increase internal calcium levels. Channel activation by involves several domains located cytosolic tail channel-forming alpha (slo1) subunit:...

Passive SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum) Ca2+ leak through the RyR (ryanodine receptor) plays a critical role in the mechanisms that regulate [Ca2+]rest (intracellular resting myoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration) in muscle. This process appears to be isoform-specific as expression of either RyR1 or RyR3 confers on myotubes different [Ca2+]rest. Using chimaeric RyR3-RyR1 receptors expressed in dyspedi...

A powerful way to detect selection in a population is by modeling local allele frequency changes in a 7 particular region of the genome under scenarios of selection and neutrality, and finding which model is 8 most compatible with the data. Chen et al. [1] developed a composite likelihood method called XP-CLR 9 that uses an outgroup population to detect departures from neutrality which could be...

We report the new finding that type 1 Seyfert nuclei (S1s) have excess [FeVII]λ6087 emission with respect to type 2s (S2s). The S1s exhibit broad emission lines which are attributed to ionized gas within 1 pc of the black hole, whereas the S2s do not show such broad lines. The current unified model of active galactic nuclei explains this difference as that the central 1 pc region in the S2s is ...

Cluster-wise linear regression (CLR), a clustering problem intertwined with regression, is to find clusters of entities such that the overall sum of squared errors from regressions performed over these clusters is minimized, where each cluster may have different variances. We generalize the CLR problem by allowing each entity to have more than one observation, and refer to it as generalized CLR...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are important targets for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of their roles during transmission and also maintenance of immune competence. Furthermore, DCs are a key cell in the development of HIV vaccines. In both these settings the mechanism of binding of the HIV envelope protein gp120 to DCs is of importance. Recently a single C-type lectin receptor (CLR), DC-SI...

Real-time services, including constant bit rate (CBR) and real-time variable bit rate traffic (rt-VBR), have become increasingly important owing to the rapid proliferation of multimedia applications. A cell multiplexing method capable of handling real-time traffic should satisfy related quality of service (QoS) requirements, including cell transfer delay (CTD), cell delay variation (CDV) and ce...

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or adrenomedullin (AM) receptors are heteromers of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), a class B G protein-coupled receptor, and one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). How CGRP and AM activate CLR and how this process is modulated by RAMPs is unclear. We have defined how CGRP and AM induce Gs-coupling in CLR-RAMP heteromers by ...

Global warming is a major threat to agriculture worldwide. Between 2008 and 2013, some coffee producing countries in South and Central America suffered from severe epidemics of coffee leaf rust (CLR), resulting in high economic losses with social implications for coffee growers. The climatic events not only favored the development of the pathogen but also affected the physiological status of th...