EG7-OVA cells are mouse thymoma EL4 cells stably transfected with the complementary DNA of chicken ovalbumin (OVA) and thus express OVA epitopes as a unique antigen. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific to OVA can be elicited by immunization of mice with OVA osmotically loaded into syngeneic splenocytes or entrapped in liposomes. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes thus induced can specifically cytolyse the EG...

Background The RAS/MAPK pathway has emerged as a critical for therapeutic targeting in spectrum of solid tumor and hematological malignances. Inhibitors MAPK targets, such RAS, BRAF, or MEK have been approved the treatment cancer either monotherapy combination. However, there no drug ERK1/2, terminal kinases Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade. combination ERK1/2 inhibitor checkpoint in...

We have previously shown that mice cured of a large MOPC-315 tumor following low-dose melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard, L-PAM) therapy can exert, upon challenge with MOPC-315 tumor cells, an antitumor effect against innocent bystander tumor cells present within the same tumor site (Barker, E., and Mokyr, M.B. Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 25: 215-224, 1987). Here we show that T-cells are impor...

UNLABELLED Glutathione is the predominant endogenous cellular antioxidant, playing a critical role in the cellular defensive response to oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals and reactive oxygen species. With cysteine as the rate-limiting substrate in glutathione biosynthesis, the cystine/glutamate transporter (system xc(-)) represents a potentially attractive PET biomarker to enable i...

یکی از دلایل اصلی بروز خطا در ساخت بند موصولی سوی زبان آموزان فارسی که مشغول یادگیری آلمانی هستند، استفاده ضمیر برای عنوان می شود با هسته به لحاظ جنس دستوری و شمار مطابقه دارد. مقابل، تنها حرف ربط «که» بهره برد ارتباط نحوی یا معنایی ندارد. دیگر، راهبردهایی هر دو مورد قرار گیرند نیز کاملا متفاوت اند. بر اساس فرضیه پژوهش حاضر، نظر رسد بیشترین خطاها بخش رخ دهند: یک سو، انتخاب نادرست روبرو هستیم. ع...

Pretreatment of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a hyporesponsive state to subsequent secondary challenge with high-dose LPS in innate immune cells, whereas super-low-dose LPS results in augmented expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, little is known about the difference between super-low-dose and low-dose LPS pretreatments on immune cell-mediated inflammatory and hepatic ...

BACKGROUND Our previous studies have demonstrated that autophagosome-enriched vaccine (named DRibbles: DRiPs-containing blebs) induce a potent anti-tumor efficacy in different murine tumor models, in which DRibble-containing ubiquitinated proteins are efficient tumor-specific antigen source for the cross-presentation after being loaded onto dendritic cells. In this study, we sought to detect wh...