BACKGROUND We compared the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on pathologic response and outcome in operable invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We extracted from our database all patients with pure invasive lobular (n=118, 14%) or pure invasive ductal carcinomas (n=742, 86%). Their treatment included neoadjuvant chemotherap...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestine that encompasses Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. The cause of IBD is unknown, but the evidence suggests that an aberrant immune response toward the commensal bacterial flora is responsible for disease in genetically susceptible individuals. Results from animal models of colitis and human studies in...

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a histologic subtype of breast cancer that is frequently associated with favorable outcomes, as approximately 90% of ILC express the estrogen receptor (ER). However, recent retrospective analyses suggest that patients with ILC receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy may not benefit as much as patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. On the basis of these observa...

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast, characterized by loss of E-cadherin expression, accounts for 5-15% of invasive breast cancers and it is believed to arise via a linear histological progression. Genomic studies have identified a clonal relationship between ILC and concurrent lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) lesions, suggesting that LCIS may be a precursor lesion. It has been shown...

Some implementation aspects of Iterative Learning Control (ILC) are considered. Since the ILC algorithm involves filtering of various signals over finite time intervals, often using non-causal filters, it is important that the boundary effects of the filtering operations are handled in an appropriate way when implementing the ILC algorithm. The paper illustrates in both theoretical analysis usi...

In this work, an initial state iterative learning control (ILC) approach is proposed for final state control of motion systems. ILC is applied to learn the desired initial states in the presence of system uncertainties. Four cases are considered where the initial position or speed are manipulated variables and final displacement or speed are controlled variables. Since the control task is speci...

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is likely to provide us important insights into the sector of physics that may supersede our current paradigm viz., the Standard Model. In anticipation of the possibility that the ILC may come up in the middle of the next decade, several groups are vigourously investigating its potential to explore this new sector of physics. The Linear Collider Workshop ...

Breast cancer continues to be the most common tumor in women. Of these cases, 5 to 15% are composed of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), which has an increasing incidence in postmenopausal women (1). Borst et al. (2) compared the metastatic patterns of ILC versus infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) and found that ILC is significantly more likely to metastasize to the gastrointestinal tract, gyn...

Leadership Skills and Wages American business seems to be infatuated with its workers’ “leadership” skills. Is there such a thing, and is it rewarded in labor markets? Using the Project Talent, NLS72 and High School and Beyond datasets, we show that men who occupied leadership positions in high school earn more as adults, even when cognitive skills are held constant. The pure leadership-wage ef...

Iterative learning control ILC is applied to remote control systems in which communication channels from the plant to the controller are subject to random data dropout and communication delay. Through analysis, it is shown that ILC can achieve asymptotical convergence along the iteration axis, as far as the probabilities of the data dropout and communication delay are known a priori. Owing to t...