Abstract Background Surgical training is a competitive process attracting highly motivated clinicians. The National Health Service currently facing long waiting lists and workforce crisis yet there paucity of data regarding attrition surgical trainees in England. This study aims to describe the from 2016-2021 explore relationship between specialty competition ratios rates. Method Data was obtai...

مادة آلی محلول رنگی (CDOM) مقیاس مهمی در سنجش کیفیت آب است. می‌توان اذعان کرد CDOM نور موجود لایه‌های را کاهش می‌دهد و فعالیت‌های بیولوژیکی فتوسنتز مختل می‌کند سرانجام، مانع رشد جمعیت فیتوپلانکتون‌‌هایی می‌شود که برای زنجیرة غذای آبزیان ضروری‌اند. بیشتر تحقیق‌هایی تا کنون به انجام رسیده، از طول موج خاصی اندازه‌گیری ضریب جذب استفاده شده است اما، این تحقیق، امکان گسترة‌ وسیعی باندهای طیف مرئی، تع...

Objective: To investigate whether prenatal, postnatal, and/or current maternal depressive symptoms are associated with low level of psychosocial functioning or high level of emotional/behavioral problems in school-age children. Method: As part of a prospective longitudinal study, maternal depressive symptoms were screened with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale prenatally, postnatally, an...

Ms M, a 74-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes of 6 years' duration, has a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) value of 7.4% despite taking 3 oral antidiabetic medications, as well as coexistent hypertension and abdominal obesity. She has no known microvascular or macrovascular complications of diabetes and is otherwise healthy. She is reluctant to commence insulin treatment as she dislikes the idea of...

Of the plethora of bioinformatical tools available, some useful tools that allow complete genome sequences to be compared are described here. Comparisons of genome length, base composition, gene density, numbers of tRNA and rRNA genes, and codon usage can provide useful biological insights. Examples are provided of a Genome Atlas plot, to summarize many features of a single genome, and a BLAST ...