Face features are hardly processed in isolation; they rather strongly interact over space. Spatial interactions are strong at upright, but not inverted orientation. Recent evidence indicated spatial interactions root in the low spatial frequencies (LSF) of face stimulus. Here, a balanced congruency paradigm was employed with upright and inverted filtered faces to circumvent the limits of previo...

Freezing is an evolutionarily preserved defensive behavior, characterized by immobility and heart rate deceleration, which is thought to promote visual perception. Rapid perceptual assessment of threat is crucial in life-threatening situations; for example, when policemen need to make split-second decisions about the use of deadly force. Here, we hypothesized that freezing is specifically assoc...

Neurocognitive models propose a specialized neural system for processing threat-related information, in which the amygdala plays a key role in the analysis of threat cues. fMRI research indicates that the amygdala is sensitive to coarse visual threat relevant information-for example, low spatial frequency (LSF) fearful faces. However, fMRI cannot determine the temporal or spectral characteristi...

Received Jan 3, 2018 Revised Mar 5, 2018 Accepted Mar 23, 2018 Of the many audio features available, this paper focuses on the comparison of two most popular features, i.e. line spectral frequencies (LSF) and MelFrequency Cepstral Coefficients. We trained a feedforward neural network with various hidden layers and number of hidden nodes to identify five different languages, i.e. Arabic, Chinese...

The effect of type of fiber, site of fermentation, method for quantifying insoluble and soluble dietary fiber, and their correction for intestinal mucin on fiber digestibility were examined in rabbits. Three diets differing in soluble fiber were formulated (8.5% soluble fiber, on DM basis, in the low soluble fiber [LSF] diet; 10.2% in the medium soluble fiber [MSF] diet; and 14.5% in the high s...

Social interaction starts with perception of other persons. One of the first steps in perception is processing of basic information such as spatial frequencies (SF), which represent details and global information. However, although behavioural perception of SF is well investigated, the developmental trajectory of the temporal characteristics of SF processing is not yet well understood. The spee...

Aims. To evaluate the efficacy of Lian-Se formula (LSF), one Chinese herb formulation for treating sialorrhea and frequent overnight urination in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods. 96 PD patients suffering from sialorrhea and/or frequent nighttime urination were divided into two groups: an LSF group (n = 48) treated with LSF for 6 weeks and a placebo group (n = 48) treated with a ...