Michigan-style learning classifier systems evolve a problem solution maintaining a set of sub-solutions distributed to potentially overlapping problem subspaces. Together, the set of sub-solutions, represented by rules, represents the complete problem solution. An obvious challenge for such an evolving, distributed knowledge representation is the continuous support of all problem subspaces, tha...

Traditionally within classifier systems the ability of a classifier to obtain reward (as measured by its strength) indicates the fitness of the classifier within the rule population. However Wilson (1995) proposed a new approach to fitness in terms of classifiers prediction accuracy. This paper presents experiments with two different classifier systems: Newboole (Bonelli et al. 1990) and XCS (W...

Classiier systems have traditionally taken binary strings as inputs, yet in many real problems such as data inference, the inputs have real components. A modiied XCS classiier system is described that learns a non-linear real-vector classiication task.

This paper considers the application of XCS to the complex, real-world problem of mapping Boolean networks to technology-specific layout of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The mapping is formulated as a temporal task, where the XCS’s actions are to create blocks (based on an abstract Boolean network) that can be placed in the FPGA, one-at-a-time. Despite the complexity of this task, we ...

The issue of finding fuzzy models with an interpretability as good as possible without decreasing the accuracy is one of the main research topics on genetic fuzzy systems. When they are used to perform on-line reinforcement learning by means of Michigan-style fuzzy classifier systems, this issue becomes even more difficult. Indeed, rule generalization (description of state-action relationships ...

Learning Classifier Systems use evolutionary algorithms to facilitate rule-discovery, where rule fitness is traditionally payoff based and assigned under a sharing scheme. Most current research has shifted to the use of accuracy-based fitness, after the introduction of XCS, where rule fitness is based on a rule's ability to predict the expected payoff from its use. Whilst XCS has been shown to ...

BaTiO3-based piezoelectric ceramics have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their tunable phase structures and good properties. In this work, the (1 ? x)BaTiO3?xCaSnO3 (0.00 ? x 0.16, abbreviated as BT?xCS) solid solutions, were prepared by traditional solid-state reaction methods. The transitions, microstructure, dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric properties of BT-xC...

Whilst XCS (Wilson, 1998) has been shown to be more robust and reliable than previous LCS implementations (Kovacs, 1996, 1997), Lanzi (1997) identified a potential problem in the application of XCS to certain simple multi-step non Markovian environments. The 'Aliasing Problem' occurs when the environment provides the same message for two states in environmental positions that generate different...