The future International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is a complex installation that will require permanent monitoring and frequent maintenance operations. The high-gamma dose rates, the high neutron fluence and other radiological hazards call for the use of remotehandled equipment. The management of heavy umbilicals connecting the control systems with the remote tools is therefore...

1 Introduction In recent years, the increasing popularity of the Internet leads to a rapidly rising demand for network bandwidth. Optical networks offer much higher bandwidth than traditional networks due to huge bandwidth of fiber. The currently attracted technology to use effectively the bandwidth of optical fiber is wavelength division multiplexing WDM. The optical spectrum of is divided int...

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation is a major open research challenge in the migration of Passive Optical Network (PON) systems towards Long Reach PON, especially when hybrid WDM/TDM is used (LR WDM/TDM PON). New and efficient solutions for Dynamic Bandwidth and Wavelength Assignment are sought to address two main critical issues of such PON systems: how to schedule the transmissions over multiple wa...

With the proliferation of the world-wide-web (WWW), current local and wide area networks can hardly cope with the huge demand for network bandwidth. As a result, there is a world-wide effort in upgrading current networks with highcapacity fiber-optic links that can potentially deliver Tera-bits/sec bandwidth. The Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (WDM) is an effective technique for utilizing the...

This paper describes mobile backhaul optical access network designs for future cellular systems, in particular, for those systems that exploit coordinated multipoints (CoMP) transmission/reception techniques. Wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM-PON) are primarily considered and two proposals to enhance mobile backhaul capability of WDM-PONs for CoMP are presented. One...

The objective of the paper is to describe a hierarchical network architecture based on all-optical Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) networks extended (for longer distances) through Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. The local subnetworks are designed as alloptical WDM networks that require tunable components and a media access protocol. These networks will be designed to efficientl...

1389-1286/$ see front matter Crown Copyright doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2011.05.012 E-mail address: [email protected] We survey the state-of-the-art technologies in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) network reconfiguration. Our focus is the strategies and triggering methods. We compare the proposed technologies in the literature from different perspectives: traffic-changes triggered vs. other ev...

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is the key technique for high data rates communication systems. WDM systems offer many advantages for optical communications with several unique features and requirements in terms of their implementation. This is because the design characteristics and realization of WDM components are crucial and depend particularly on the type of materials used for fabric...

Cold Dark Matter (CDM) models of galaxy formation had been remarkably successful to explain a number of observations in the past decade. However, with both the theoretical modeling and the observations being improved, CDM models have been very recently shown to have excessive clustering on the sub-galactic scale. Here I discuss a solution, based on our high-resolution numerical simulations, to ...

In this paper, the polarization mode dispersion in eight channel WDM system is evaluated by considering one even channel and one odd channel performance parameters like BER and Q-factor. As PMD effects transmission at high bit rates so it is compensated with the help of dispersion compensating fibre at different distances by controlling the polarising angle with the help of polarization control...