The outer rotor brushless direct current motor, which is a highly speed, efficiently, silence and long-life the most popular motor for drones. Control methods of this type important parameter to be considered. hall effect sensors, that used in BLDC are not trustable control applications therefore back-EMF observer method can operated sensorless control. Reducing production cost drive drone one ...

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) causes various biological effects through altering intracellular calcium homeostasis. The role of high voltage-gated (HVA) calcium channels in ELF-EMF induced effects has been extensively studied. However, the effect of ELF-EMF on low-voltage-gated (LVA) T-type calcium channels has not been reported. In this study, we test the effect of E...

This study overviews electromagnetic field (EMF) health impacts based on highly cited biomedical articles. It identifies health impacts resulting from exposure to EMF. A comprehensive query retrieved much of the relevant literature describing EMF health impacts, with strong emphasis on the mid and lower frequency nonionizing (radio/microwave and power frequencies) portion of the electromagnetic...

The Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) provides a modeling and code generation framework for Eclipse applications based on structured data models. Within model driven software development based on EMF, refactoring of EMF models become a key activity. In this paper, we present an approach to define EMF model refactoring methods as transformation rules being applied in place on EMF models. Performi...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the body surface electromagnetic field (EMF) changes using a sensitive magnetometer before and after a specific Toftness chiropractic adjustment in asymptomatic human subjects. METHOD Forty-four subjects were randomly assigned into control (20 subjects) and experimental groups (24 subjects) in a pre and post-test design. The Triaxial Flux...

In this paper, the position-sensor less direct torque and indirect flux control of brushless dc (BLDC) motor with non sinusoidal back electromotive force (EMF) has been extensively investigated. In the literature, several methods have been proposed for BLDC motor drives to obtain optimum current and torque control with minimum torque pulsations. Most methods are complicated and do not consider ...

Direct Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors With Non-Sinusoidal Back-EMF. (May 2008) Salih Baris Ozturk, B.S., Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey; M.S., Texas A&M University, College Station Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Hamid A. Toliyat This work presents the direct torque control (DTC) techniques, implemented in fourand six-switch inverter, for brushless dc (B...

In many Sensorless Field Oriented Control schemes for Induction Motor (IM) drives the flux is estimated by means of the measured motor currents and the control reference voltages. In most of cases, the flux estimation is based on the integral of the back-EMF voltages. The inverter nonlinear errors (dead-time and on-state voltage drops) introduce a distortion in the estimated voltage that reduce...

The position-sensor less direct torque and indirect flux control of brushless dc (BLDC) motor with non sinusoidal back electromotive force (EMF) has been extensively investigated. In this study, a novel and simple approach to achieve a low-frequency torque ripple-free direct torque control (DTC) with maximum efficiency based on dq reference frame is presented. The proposed sensor less method cl...